468 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897, 



canoes, disembarked at the mouth of the Kentucky, aud marked three 

 trees with the first letters of his name." ^ 



Du Pratz, however, it should be remembered, in 1758, only four years 

 subsequent to this supposed visit, published a map of parts of the 

 interior of the continent, upon which the Miami and the Maumee, the 

 latter under the name of the Riviere du Portage, are both laid down.^ 



It is known that not only did the individual trader or trapper try to 

 keep his rivals in ignorance of the territories which he visited, but the 

 matter was an international one as well, for Spanish, French, English, 

 aud Dutch each tried to deceive those of other nationalities concerning 

 the interior or back country, the struggle then, as in some countries 

 even now, being to obtain or retain exclusive trade privileges. We see 

 the same struggle to-day in Africa between the French and English 

 which two hundred years ago was carried on in America. 



In 1778 Daniel Boone was taken prisoner by 200 Indians and two 

 Frenchmen, who carried him to the salt mines, where he found 27 more 

 of his party, whom he regularly surrendered. " The advantageous con- 

 ditions of his surrender," he says, "they observed strictly."^ 



MONITOR PIPES. 



There is no pipe more striking or better marked in its characteristics 

 than the "Monitor," which is widely distributed in the eastern United 

 States, it being often found in mounds and other jirimitive burial 

 l)laces. This pipe is constantly encountered and has upon its surftice 

 the distinct striie of the steel tools with which it was made, leaving 

 little doubt that it was a common form after the advent of the whites. 

 The delicacy of its finish as well as of its outline is surpassed by no 

 American pipe, though this type does not appear to be found having 

 ui)on it rei)resentations of animal life in any form, rarely ornamenta- 

 tion of any sort. The material from which they were usually, though 

 not invariably, made is a chlorite or steatite and sometimes serpentine, 

 though rarely the latter, and specimens having certain of the charac- 

 teristics of this type are known which are made of pottery. They vary 

 in color from nearly white to jet black, being usually highly polished 

 and have remarkably thin bowls. 



Adair, in 1775, refers possibly to a pipe of this character. He says: 

 ''The Indians make beautiful stone pipes, and the Cherokees the best 

 of any of the Indians, for their mountainous country contains many 

 sorts and colors of soil proper for such uses. They easily form them 

 with their tomahawks, and afterwards finish them in any desired form 

 with their knives; the pipes being of a v(;ry soft quality until they are 

 smoked with and used to the fire when they become quite hard. They 



ijohn Filson, Histoire do Kentucke, nouvelle Colonic :\ I'Ouest de la Virginie, 

 I, translated from English by M. rjirrand, Pai-is, 3785. 



-Le I'age Uu I'latz, Histoire de la Louisianne, map oppoaite p. 138, Paris, 1758, 

 3 Histoire de Kentucke, pp. 75, 76, Paris, X785, 



