AMERICAN ABORIGINAL riPKS AND S>'OKING CUSTOMS. 471 



amTTryt 

 Fig. 92. 



FLAT-BASE MONITOR PIPE. 



Cumberland County, Tennessee. 



Cat. No. 'J0130, U.S.N. M. Colleft«l Ijv S. D. Hoskiu 



Mr. J. P. Eogau. It is of clilorite, and lias an extreme length of 5 

 inches, with a width of stem of 1.;^ inches. The flaring top, .nid the 

 bowl, which approaches the rectaiignlar, indicate no other than most 

 primitive tools in working the surface, though even here there can be 

 little doubt that metal was em])loyed in boring both the bowl and the 

 stem. The tiaring top commonly noticeable in pipes of this type does 

 not appear to have reached its limit except in those specimens where 

 bowl and stem are at right angles 

 to each other. 



A very dark, almost black, 

 " monitor " (fig. 92) is from Cum- 

 berland County, Tennessee, col 

 lected by Mr. S. D. Hoskins. It 

 has a Hat base 3 inches wide, 

 though its height is little over 2i 

 inches. The stem at its thickest 

 is slightly more than one-fourth 

 of an inch, while the barrel- 

 shaped bowl, with its wide and 

 thin flaring top, have all been 

 highly polished. The bowl cavity has been enlarged by gouging. 



Professor Haldeman possesses a somewhat similar specimen, though 

 without the enlargement of the rim of the bowl, from York County, 

 Pennsylvania, which is well polished and made from a green stone. 



A brownish steatite from Michigan, collected by Mr. D. S. Carviu, 

 in shape almost identical with the last specimen (fig. 93), was found 

 in a mound in Kanawha County, West Virginia, with a number of 



copper bracelets and objects of stone. 

 Under the flaring top of this speci- 

 men are the tile marks, too distinct 

 to leave any doubt that it was with 

 such a tool that they were made. 

 They radiate from the inner to the 

 outer rim, in series of parallel 

 straight lines, and are equally dis- 

 tinct at the base of the bowl. 



The most pronounced and typical 

 " monitor " pipe is fig. 94, from Knox 

 County, Tennessee, collected by Mr. 

 J. W. Emmert. The projection of the base is as pronounced in front of 

 the bowl as it is at the stem end. The barrel shape of this bowl has 

 great similarity to certain of the urn-shaped bowl pipes. In this, as in 

 the last specimen, the file marks are observed at the exterior base of the 

 bowl where it joins the stem. They also appear under the flaring top of 

 the bowl with great distinctness. Tliis pipe is made of a light gray chlo- 

 rite, and is, as a mechanical production, quite a marvelous piece of work. 



MONITOR PIPE. 



Kanawlia County, West Virginia. 



U. S. National .Museum. Collected bv D. S. Cari 



