AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 493 



TiiC. 111. 



POTTERY PIPE. 



Chautauqua, New York. 



Cat. No. 22165, U.S.N.M. Collected by 

 • L. M. Dwight. 



The Iroquoian pipes present many unusnal cliaracteri sties and evi- 

 dence strong local influences exceeded by none on the continent unless 

 it be the curved base mound pipes of Ohio. Fig. Ill is a homely form 

 of pipe of the Iroquoian area, made of an extremely hard-burned dark 

 pottery, containing no visible mixture of tempering material such as is 

 commonly found in aboriginal earthenware 

 vessels. This pipe was found in Chautau- 

 qua County, New York, collected by Mr. 

 L. M. Dwight, and is very similar to mod- 

 ern Pueblo specimens, both in its bowl and 

 stem cavities. It is but 2h inches long and 

 an inch wide, the walls of the bowl being 

 so thick as to leave the opening only lialf 

 an inch wide, the stem being brought to a 

 point with an opening scarcely an eighth 

 of an inch in diameter, made apparently as 

 are the Pueblo pipes by inserting a stem 

 of grass in the fresh clay and burning it out in the process of roasting 

 the pipe. This specimen is entirely Mithout ornament, and the writer 

 would be inclined to believe that it belonged rather to the Indians of 

 New Mexico than to New York, were it not that the material of Iro- 

 quoian pipes is quite often of this hard- 

 burned earthenware. The Iroquoian inpe 

 has a smaller stem opening than those of the 

 Atlantic coast people generally. 



Iroquoian pipes are not uncommonly 

 found with flaring-topped bowls, such as 

 that in fig. 112, which is a pottery specimen 

 collected by Dr. F. B. Hough at EUisburg, 

 New York. It has a typical bronze hunting- 

 horn shape, such as could be found among 

 the primitive implements of Scandinavia or 

 the rest of Europe. It may, be argued that 

 either of these two pipes would answer 

 (;artier's description of a " Cornet." A some- 

 what similar pipe is herein illustrated (fig. 

 220) from Tennessee. In either of these the 

 form of the musical instrument is copied. 

 In almost every j)ipe of the Iroquoian area 

 may be traced forms distinctly copied from 

 European sources. 

 Eev. W. M. Beauchamp refers the Avriter to a pipe of this type from 

 Onondaga County, New Y^ork, made from a brownish-yellow stone, on 

 the bowl of which there is a human face facing toward the smoker, and 

 to another clay pipe from Cayuga County, in which the bowl and stem 

 are almost in the same plane, the curve being graceful from one end of 



Fig. 112. 



TRUMPET PIPE. 



EUisburg, Kew York. 



Cat. No. HsitX, U.S.IS'.M. Collected by 

 Dr. F. B. Hough. 



