494 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



tbe pipe to the other. Mr. G. H. Perkins ilhistrates, from the Cham- 

 phiiu Valley in Vermont, ajiipe of this character made of earthenware, 

 upon the surface of which and partially encircling the center of the 

 pipe, are a number of depressions similar to such as are observed upon 

 the Iro(pioian limestone rectangular i)ipes. The more archaic speci- 

 mens of this type will be found to approach quite closely the straight 

 tube form. Several with but slight curves to them have been found in 

 Cayuga, Onondaga, and Montgomery counties, New York, with mark- 

 ings and other characteristics peculiar to the Iroquoian pipe, some 

 having no ornamentation, others, only ornamentation of the simplest 

 character, until finally we see the human face in great elaboration. 



A gracefully curved pottery pipe, with an ornamentally shaped bowl 

 (fig. 1 13), is from Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio, and was collected by 

 L. Lappman. This place is near the head of steamboat navigation on the 

 Sandusky River. This type is referred to by Squier as being found on 



the site of an old Seneca town in Liv- 

 ingston County, Kew York.^ The 

 enlarged bowl is encircled with six in- 

 cised lines made as if in imitation of 

 cord marks, and at the jioint where the 

 slight shoulder and smaller part of the 

 bowl join are ten nearly equidistant 

 notches cut into the pottery. They 

 are apparently for ornamentation. 

 Morgan refers to the art of making 

 ^^s- ii-*- this pottery being lost and says that 



IROQUOIAN POTTERv P.PE. -^ ^.^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ tcxturc as to admit 



Sandusky County, Ohio. „ , ,, i- i .i ti i 



Cat. No. «653, L-.S.N.M. Collected by L. L..,,„„,ao. ^^ ^ tolCrablC pOllSh, thC black SpCC- 



imens being so firm as to have the 

 appearance of stone. In some specimens, he remarks, they have in 

 front a human face or the head of a wolf or that of a dog. Of late, 

 he says, the Iroquois cut pii)es out of soapstone.^ 



Many of the specimens of Iroquoian clay pipes in the U. S. National 

 Museum are broken. Those which come under the general designation 

 of "trumpet shaped," vary greatly in the curve of the outlines of their 

 bowls, the exteriors of some being round, others square, at other times 

 the sides flare or curl over until they resemble a trumpet. The exterior 

 ornamentation varies as greatly as does the shape of the bowl itself, 

 parallel lines running horizontally, perpendicularly, and diagonally, 

 are constantly encountered and it is not uncommon to find the lines of 

 ornamentation consisting of graceful combinations running in parallel 

 lines or blocks, which, however, seldom or never cross each other, due 

 to some superstition, possibly, in connection therewith. This type is 



' E. G. Squier, Aboriginal Monuments of New York, p. 76, Smithsonian Contribu- 

 tions to Knowledge, 11. 



*Lewis H. Morgan, League of llie Iro(|uoi8, p. 355, Rochester, 1851. 



