AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 499 



whicli is made Iroiii clouded gypsum. The depressions upon the sur- 

 face, he believes, were intended to be inlaid with pieces of other stone, 

 and considers that there can be no doubt of this because of the unfinished 

 state in which these cavities are left, whereas tlie rest of the pii)e is 

 moderately well tinished. Several similar pii)es are said to have been 

 found on both sides of the lake.' An excellent specimen of this type 

 from Cortland County, Xew York, is in the Douglass collection. 



A cast of a pipe of this class from Montreal shows the human face 

 so grotescpiely as to represent the front of the skull with its eye- 

 less sockets and cavities, intended for nose and mouth rather than a 

 living face, not only on that part of the bowl facing the smoker, but on 

 its sides as well. Professor Perkins also illustrates a pipe bowl with 

 several of these elliptical or quadrangular depressions excavated, as he 

 thinks, for the purpose of being tilled in with ornamental bits of shell 

 or stone. The bowl of the latter has no stem 

 attached an<I was apparently intended for smok- 

 ing with a stem.^ 



IJowlsof other shapes have been found in New 

 York with these peculiar depressions cut into 

 their surfaces, and Professor Perkins illus- 

 trates a pipe of the rectangular type made of 

 pewter, which probably represented, as he 

 suggests, the transition stage of stone from 

 pottery. 



The pipes do not fully answer Kalm's descrip- 

 tion in their stems, and of the known speci- "^^^^^ Fig. iis. 

 mens most have been found on the eastern side moquois i'otteuv pipe. 

 of the St. Lawrence River and Lakes Ontario Bioomfleid, New York. 



and Erie. Professor Perkins illustrates a stem- ''"'• ^'- "'''e.™ '"'""'"' '" 

 less pipe bowl from Vermont made of "the 



usual steatite," which in form probably more nearly resembles the pipe 

 Kalni describes than does any other. 



An extremely hard burned black pottery pipe (fig. 118) from Bloom- 

 field, New Y^ork, collected by Col. E. Jewett, upon the bowl of which is 

 molded a human face, exhibits apparently European rather than Indian 

 characteristics, and preserves in the shape of the bowl the peculiarities 

 of the "grenadier hat" form, the usual elevation of the bowl being 

 moditied in order the more effectually to allow the modeling of the 

 forehead. In the ornamentation of the bowl of this pipe, especially that 

 part of it behind the individual's ear, a number of broad and narrow lines 

 alternating with each other with rows of dots between them are artis- 

 tically grouped. The ears are distinctly formed and fairly well modeled, 

 and the eyes have been deeply cut into the pottery subsequent to its 



'G.H.Perkins, The Cahimet in tlie Cbamphiin Valley, Popular Science Monthly, 

 December, 1893, p. 213. 

 -Itletn, p. 241. 



