AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 501 



Falls, Monroe County, New York, collected by Mr. William M. Locke. 

 It is quite small, and shows in what a variety of ornamentation the peo- 

 ple making these pipes indulged. Though the animal is not sufficiently 

 well modeled to distinguish whether a mouse or a fox, the eyes, ears, 

 and legs are attached to a rude modeling, indicating a tyi)e of art dif- 

 ferent from what would be expected of a people living in the purest 

 savage state, as the Indians of this region did 

 at the time of first contact with Europeans. 



Squier and Davis illustrate an Iroquoian pot- 

 tery pipe plowed up in West Virginia, nearly 

 op])osite the mouth of the Hocking liiver, where 

 there are abundant traces of an ancient people 

 in the form of mounds, embankments, etc.;' on 

 the bowl there is an animal's head which faces 

 from the smoker, and which, judging from the 

 illustration, belongs to the Iroijuoian type, not 

 only in shajje, but in ornamentation of the bowl 

 as well. While this latter pipe is from a local- 

 ity quite distant from where similar ones are 

 commonly found, it is within the area intluenced 

 to a certain extent by French trade. 



On the bowl of one of these pottery pipes was 

 modeled a panther's head facing to the right. 



Others have been found with heads facing from the smoker, and a 

 singular specimen was discovered representing the caricature of a hu- 

 man head and face, the mouth of which is drawn to one side, the eyes 

 closed, and the side of one jaw badly swollen as if from toothache. 



Fig. 120. 



IliOCJUOlS POTTERY PIPE. 



Honcoye Fall.s, New York. 



Cat. No. 31497, U.S.N.M. Collected by 



Willii 



L M. Locke, 



BIRD PIPES. 



A curious pipe of pronounced type (fig. 121) was found in a mound 

 on the banks of the Ohio River in Allegheny County, rennsylvania, 

 and collected by Mr. P. Painter, which has an outline that would indicate 

 a bird sitting upon a perch or limb. It is 5i inches high and appears 

 to be made of a compact black slate, which has been badly cracked 

 by other heat than that generated in smoking it. The eyes are repre- 

 sented by two depressions, the feet by a knob, and, except that the 

 head has been shaped, the rest of the body is perfectly smooth, and in 

 cross section a parallelogram. The only tool marks visible are appar- 

 ently those of a file across the top of the bowl. Pipes of this type 

 had, as a matter of course, to be smoked with a wooden or other 

 stem. The feet of the bird in these pipes are at times perforated 

 for the attachment of a cord, or the knob is sufficiently shouldered to 

 answer the same purpose, the bowl and stem openings being of like 

 size, and drilled each one-half inch in diameter. One of these pipes 

 (Cat. ifo. 32297, U.S.N.M.) was found in Onondaga County, New York. 



' Ancient Mouumenta of the Mississippi Valley, p. 194. 



