AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 515 



Mr. J. Vai'deu, is 2^ iiiclies long, with part of the base broken off. It 

 is 1^ inches high and has a width of tliree-fourths of an inch. Thougli 

 the base of this pipe is slightly more convex thau the preceding figure 

 and the bowl more urn-shaped, the type remains the same, the bowl 

 cavity being of uniform size its whole depth, though the stem hole is 

 slightly in excess of that of the preceding figure. The walls of the 

 bowl of this pipe are extremely thin, the bowl cavity being ellipsoidal, 

 rather than cylindrical. The file marks on this pipe are also quite as 

 distinct as they are on the preceding specimen. McLean illustrates a 

 similar pipe as of the genuine mound-builder type.' 



There was also found in a mound in Laporte County, Indiana, one of 

 the curved-base urn-bowled ijipes, and in the same mound with a single 

 skeleton were two copi^er needles, a copper chisel, (our Hints, and some 

 pottery. A very similar specimen is in the Davenport Academy of 

 Sciences, which was found in Calhoun County, Illinois, and quite 

 recently a very perfect specimen, made apparently of a mottled gray 

 and white stone, was taken from a mound near Evart, Michigan, and 

 is the property of Miss Helen A. Hepburn. 



Mr. John G. Henderson found a similar pipe in a mound at Naples, 

 Illinois, near the Illinois lliver, made of a white stone, and from the 

 same mound were taken two copper celts, one of which weighed 7^ 

 pounds,^ and another is reported from Davenx)ort, Scott County, Iowa.' 



Mr. Warren K. Morehead excavated an unfinished catlinite pipe of 

 this' type with the curved base characteristics at Fort Ancient, Ohio, 

 which shows distinctly the process of manufacturing indurated clay 

 pipes, which was by pecking or battering the stone with a stone 

 hammer, as was demonstrably the process of working those stones not 

 readily shaped by chipping.* One was taken from a mound at Tools- 

 boro, Louisa County, Iowa, made of " a soft whitish stone,"'' and yet 

 another unfinished specimen is in the U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 

 58650) from Sauk County, Wisconsin, which adds materially to our 

 knowledge of the process of manufacturing these pipes, the surface 

 being apparently ground with sand, or a sandstone, as is evidenced by 

 the stria; left by the tool, which are yet discernible. The bowl of this 

 pipe has, however, been excavated by a solid drill used with sand. 

 The base is broken in process of manufacture, owing to which the bowl 

 has been finished less than the necessary depth, which accounts for its 

 being discarded. The base also is fiat, though such specimens are not 

 unusual, Mr. Gerard Fowke having found one in a mound in Page 

 County, Virginia.'^ Moorehead records one from the Hopewell group 

 of mounds in Ohio.' 



' J. P. McLean, The Mound-Builders, p. 165, fig. 38, Cincinnati, 1879. ' 



^Sniithsoniau Report, 1882, p. 697, tig. Ub. 



'W. H. Pratt, Proceedings, Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, I, p. 117. 



^Fort Ancient, p. 110, plate xxxiii, Cincinnati. 



''W. H. Pratt, Proceedings, Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, I, p. 111. 



•^ Archieological Investigations of the James aud Potomac Valleys, fig. 16, p. 56. 



'Fort Ancient, p. 207. 



