AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 517 



delicacy of detail in thiu, sharp lines which appears to indicate the use 

 ol .shari)-pointed tools. The head of au Indian, the bowl of which is 

 drilled from the top of the head down by means of a thiu tubular drill, 

 the platform beint;- broken oft'ou both sides, is a well executed likeness 

 of au American Indian, while certain incised lines upon his face are prob- 

 ably intended to represent the lines of i^aiut or tattooing. These lines 

 are cut in sharply and deeply, and it is an artistic production. A few 

 of the surface lines of this pipe have first been incised and subsequently 

 partially obliterated by grinding or polishing, but yet remains sufiQ- 

 ciently clear to suggest the use of the steel tile. The Avhole effect of 

 this head is calculated to impress one who carefully examines it with 

 the idea that it is the work of a skillful European carver. 



One of these specimens in the Museum of Xatural Uistory is a 

 curved base pipe having upou the convexity of the base an animal in 

 a sitting or squatting position, but whether bear, wolf, dog, or mouse 

 it would be impossible to say. The perforation for the eyes goes from 

 side to side, and there can be little doubt it was intended to insert 

 artificial eyea of some sort. A peculiarity of this specimen is that 

 below the eyes there are two small holes bored, one on each side of the 

 upper part of the foce, that are so small, indeed, and sharply cut as to 

 indicate the employment of a steel point as fine as a fine needle. A 

 splinter of stone could not have made the hole, a point of native copj)er 

 wire could scarcely do it, the small size and clear cutting being prob- 

 ably owing to an implement of European manufacture. There are four 

 or five of what have been and are supposed to be file marks upon the 

 top of the head of this animal directl}^ between the ears, two of which 

 lines, however, could not be made with the flat part of the file. There 

 are two frog pipes of the mound type in the Douglass collection, one 

 of which has eyes whicli protrude; the other has eyes bored through 

 from side to side for the insertion of artificial objects. The scales of 

 the frogs it would be possible to cut with a sharp stone point, but the 

 fine lines look as though cut by sharp metal tools. 



One of the i^ipes having an urn-shaped bowl and another repre- 

 senting an animal, possibly an otter or beaver, arising from the water, 

 has a number of sharp file marks of regular length and equidistant, 

 which it would be difficult if not impossible to imitate without steel 

 tools. 



The Douglass collection contains two of the original Squier and Davis 

 liiul from .Mound City, near Chillicothe, Ohio, one made apparently of 

 an oolitic limestone, the other of a brownish stone of medium hardness, 

 both representiug birds. The bowls of these specimens have been 

 bored, as the others appear to have been, by means of tubular drills, 

 and the irregularity of shape of one of the bowls, the cross section 

 of which somewhat resembles an irregular circle, was probably made 

 with a loose drill point, which would not inconvenience one working 

 with strap or jiuinp drill, but wouhl be extremely awkward to make 

 with a shaft revolved on the thigh or between the palms of the hands. 



