AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 519 



Fig. 130. 



MOUND TURTLIi I'll'E. 



Naples, Illinois. 



Citst, Cat. No. 116II9, U.S.N'.M. Collecteil by J. 



Two frog pipes iire referred to in tlie (ireat Bragge collection, one 

 from Kentucky and the otlier from the Ohio iJiver, of steatite and gray 

 limestone, respectively/ either of which localities is well within the 

 mound pipe area. 



Fig. 130 is a cast of a catlinite mound pipe found on the banks of 

 the Illinois Eiver, near Naples, Illinois, described by Mr. J. G. Hen- 

 derson. It represents the com- 

 mon hard-shelled turtle of the 

 American rivers. The tnrtle is 

 upon a short, round pedestal 

 which rises from the curved 

 base. In one of the eye holes 

 there yet remains a cop])er bead 

 representing the eyeball, the 

 other being lost. The head is 

 slightly extended from the shell; 

 the tail is lyiog against the body, 

 the feet being folded close to the 

 body in front ; the stem hole being one eighth of an inch, and that of the 

 bowl one-half inch in diameter. This specimen is 3^ inches, with a stem 

 width of 1"| inches. 



Fig. 131, also one of the Squier and Davis Mound No. 8 pipes, is 

 ]trobably the best known of all this type. It is of about the same 

 dimension as are the other pipes of this type and represents a typical 

 Indian head. The eyes, nose, and mouth are well modeled and the 

 ears are distinct. There is a knob on the toji of the head and two 



back of the ears, the signifi- 

 cance of which it is difficult to 

 explain, unless it be to desig- 

 nate the hair tied up. This 

 head sits well down on the base 

 and faces the smoker, as is 

 almost invariably the case in 

 pipes of this type unless the 

 stem has been broken, iu which 

 event use is made of the oppo- 

 site end. In some few in- 

 stances an exception to the 

 rule is observed in figures of 

 birds facing the side of the stem and in one instance an animal is rep- 

 resented as looking back over its shoulder. From top to bottom of the 

 bases or platforms of these pipes is often less than one-fourth of an inch. 

 To bore a one-eighth inch hole through this reipiires great care. This 

 Indian-head pipe was found in the altar of the mound.' 



Fiii. 131. 



MOVNU INDIAN HEAD PIPK. 



Mound City, Ohio. 



Cast, Cal. No. 721'.', U.S.N. M. Collw:t«l by Squii 



' BibliothefaNicotiana, p. 155, Birmingham, 1880, 



-S(iuier and Davis, Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi ^':llll;y, lig. 145, 



