AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 533 



Fig. 146. 



BICONICAL PIPE. 



"Wood County, Virginia. 



Cat. No. 2366, U.S.X.M. Collected by D. N. Neal. 



tbern, and in the majority of instances scarcely more work was put 

 ii])on tbeni than could with stone tools be done between the rising and 

 setting of a day's sun. Arrow and spear beads re(iuire but compara- 

 tively few minutes from the beginning 

 of work upon the spall to their comijle- 

 tion with the chipper. 



Fig. 145, from Georgia, collected by 

 Mr, J. ^IcGlashan, is made of a soft 

 steatite, which has a stem of ellipsoidal 

 shape, though its bowl is similar in 

 shape to that of the pipe figured from 

 southeastern Missouri (fig. 143), and 

 retains the biconical characteristics in 

 bowl and stem openings, both of which 

 have been gouged out with a chisel, 

 the pipe being 3i inches long. 



A fine-grained, compact brownstone 

 pipe (fig. 146) from Wood County, Vir- 

 ginia, collected by Mr. I). N. Xeal, 3f inches high and of similar length, 

 with round bowl, and stem has a simi)le ornamentation, though the 

 shape of the pipe indicates that similar ones were made of pottery. 

 The stem hole of this pipe is slightly smaller than that of the bowl, 

 both being drilled, however, with a solid point. 

 Fig. 147 is a light-colored pottery pipe from Osceola, Arkansas, col- 

 lected by Dr. Frank L. James. 

 It is but slightly burned, and 

 appears to contain no tempering 

 material. The characteristics of 

 bowl and stem appear to belong 

 to the biconical type, though the 

 point or prow beyond the bowl 

 is a marked characteristic of the 

 Siouan pipe, as well as those of 

 some of the other Western In- 

 dians. 



Mr. Clarence B. Moore, in his 

 monograph, figures a number of 

 pipes which appear to belong to 

 the type under discussion, and 

 are in the geographical area 

 where similar pipes are found,' 

 also the large bowl pipe, which 



Fig. 147. 

 BICONICAL PIPE. 



Osceola, Arkansas. 



Cat. No. 31134, U.S.N. M. Collected by Frank L. James. 



though Florida produces apparently' 

 has a small stem. 

 Two hard-burned, nearly black, double-coned pipes, with flat bases, 



' Certain Sand Mounds of the St. Johns River, Florida, Pt. 2, pp. 154, 185, figs. 24, 

 60, Philadelphia, 1894. 



