AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 535 



Fig. 150. 



BICONICAL POTTERY PIPE. 



Carroll County, Tennessee. 



Cat. No. Siii-2, U.S.N. M. CollecteJ by E. H. ka 



liaudle reaching from the end of the stem to the toj) of the bowl, a 

 somewhat simihir characteristic appearing on the pipe from Tennessee 

 (lig. l.*07), ill which -the hair or cue forms a somewhat similar orna- 

 mentation. This baiul is possibly intended tor the double purpose of 

 attaching the cord to the stem and as an ornament. It is decidedly 

 shorter, however, than others of 

 these pipes ui)on which the Siouan 

 prow ap])ears. A somewhat si mi 

 lar pipe, though of stone, from 

 Hickman County, Kentucky, is 

 figured by Dr. Joseph Jones, the 

 handle of which he thinks is in imi- 

 tation of the armadillo.' 



A pottery pipe (fig. 151) from 

 Loudon County, Tennessee, col- 

 lected by Mr. J. W. Emmert, has a 

 bowl apparently formed in shape of 

 those uf the biconical type, though 

 its stem belongs rather to a class 

 of i)ipes found commonly in North 

 Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, 



and Tennessee, many of which are of metal, while others are of stone 

 made in imitation of metal or pottery forms. The pottery of which this 

 specimen is made has a large percentage of shell mixed with the clay. 

 Are these pipes of Cherokee type, concerning which it has been said 

 "they (the Cherokees) smoked sumac leaves 

 in wooden i)ipes, the tube of which was made 

 of cane. I have seen such pipes belonging to 

 them which were in the shape of a bear — the 

 opening for the tobacco on the back and the 

 tube fixed near the tail,"^ or does the author 

 refer to those heavy pipes of biconical form in 

 imitation of animals'? Thruston has called 

 attention to this type,»saying : " Large funnel- 

 shaped stem holes, sometimes even larger 

 than the pipe bowls, appear to the author to 

 have been one of the distinguishing charac- 

 teristics of the southern clay and stone 

 pil)es, and we suggest to antiquarians the 

 importance of this feature in the projjer clas- 

 sification of these objects." * 



This feature of bowl and stem is a peculiarity extending over an 

 extensive and continuous geographical area from Florida, South Oaro- 



' Exploratious of the Aboriginal Reinaius of Tennessee, p. 138, fig. 74. 

 ^Maximiliau's Tiavels in the Interior of North America, p. 81, London, 1843. 

 ^ Gates P. Thruston, Antiquities of Tennessee, p. 178, Cincinnati, 1890. 



Fig. 151. 



POTTERY PIPE. 



Loudon County, Tennes.see. 



Cat. No. 1160i'6, U.S. N.M. CoUecteU by 

 3. W. Eramert. 



