546 



REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



one corner a cross in form of the swastika, and near the center the let- 

 ters I N. The work on this pipe lias evidently been done with sliarp- 

 edged cutting tools, and in one place the marks of a rasp or file are 

 quite distinctly shown by equidistant lines of similar length. 



Prof. G. H. Perkins has illustrated a steatite pipe with two bowls 

 and a single stem opening, from Swanton, in the northern ])art of Ver- 

 mont, which is well polished, and is said to have been cut out instead 

 of being bored, as is usual in Champlain Valley pij)es.' 



Mr. David Boyle has also described a pipe very similar to the last 

 one, found in Harve^'' Township, Peterboro County, Ontario, made of 

 pottery, the bowls of both of which open into each other immediately 

 below the point of junction of the double bowl.^ 



The great difference in form of the double-stemmed or double-bowled 



pipe or in double jjipes of any kind 

 found in America would indicate that 

 they were not made according to any 

 fixed rule, but rather to suit indi- 

 vidual fancy; though the specimens 

 described are too few to allow of posi- 

 tive expression of opinion concerning 

 them other than that such i^ipes have 

 bowls and stems usually of modern 

 form, though even this rule has its ex- 

 ceptions. There is said to have been 

 an old Dutch custom of smoking a 

 double pipe on one's wedding day, 

 which was never again used except 

 upon the wedding anniversary. Two 

 such i)ipes, known as Dutch bride- 

 groom ])ipes, were in the celebrated 

 Bragge collection, now in the British 

 Museum, and are referred to as "still 

 decorated with the ribbons placed upon them upon a certain festal day 

 that faded into nothingness two centuries ago. The bridegroom pipe 

 was one of the household gods of Holland. Smoked in augury of a 

 happy future ui)on the wedding day, it was held too sacred to be 

 touched again save on the recurrence of the anniversary of the mo- 

 mentous event." ^ 



THE CALUMET DANCE. 



The derivation of the word '-calumet" has been discussed, yet this 

 word to one at all familiar with the colonial history of the French in 

 America has an especial significance and means more than a mere pipe. 

 I^ constituted a peace offering combined with a flag of truce. It was sup- 

 posed to secure the safety of its bearers during the function of its presen- 



' The Calumet in the Champlain Valley, Popular Science Monthly, December, 

 1893, p. 241. 



2 David l?oyle, Archajological Report of the Minister of Education of Ontario, 

 18f)4-95, p. 58, fig. 28. 



3 The Bragge Collection, p. 3, referred to in Copes Tobaciio Plant, December, 1880. 



Fig. 172. 



BRIDEGROOM PIPE. 



Coluiuliia, South Carolina. 



Cat. No. 34329, U.S.N.M. Collected by A. R. Crittendi 



