Fig. 174. 



STOUAN CATLINITE PIPE. 

 Cat. No. I*26S, U.S.N.M. Collected l.y (Jeorge Catlin. 



AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 577 



iuto pipes, for Dr. F. V. Haydeu referred to the ISTortlnvest Fur Com- 

 pany liaviug- manufactured nearly two thousand pipes during; two years 

 between 1865 and 1808 and traded them to the Indians on the Upper 

 Missouri, which fact will, 

 he thinks, throw a sus- 

 picion on Indian pipes 

 in the future.' 



From the time John 

 Smith's i)eople asked 

 permission of Powhat 

 tan to pass through his 

 country to obtain stones 

 from which to make 

 axes to the present time 

 the trade with the na- 

 tives has consisted 

 largely in those things 

 made in imitation of aboriginal implements by the whites for Indian 

 trade. This trade was most valuable and returned enormous profits 

 on small capital invested, and its particulars would not be made pub- 

 lic for fear of having the field too crowded. Notwithstanding a known 

 large production of 'Mvampum" and of "roanoke" by the whites, refer- 

 ences to its manufacture are unusual in the early records though it 

 was not only an article of trade but of currency as well. 



When pipes are found with figures of men or bea.sts carved on them 

 it is observed that those of a given type have the figures on them all 

 facing in a particular direction, either to or from the smoker. 

 Fig. 174 is one of the catlinite pipes brought from the country west 



of the ^lississippi b3^ Mr. George 

 Catlin, which is 5^ inches long 

 with a height of 3| inches, being 

 made from an unusually heavy 

 piece of stone 2^ inches thick, 

 the bowl and stem holes being 

 each three-eighths of an inch in 

 diameter, the whole surface of 

 the stone being highly polished. 

 The stems of these pipes are 

 round or square, while the pro- 

 jections in front of the bowls are 

 usually square or octagonal, decreasing usually toward the end; the 

 bowls vary in form, some being square, others cylindrical or even sphe- 

 roidal, and at times are carved with some excellence and have figures 

 upon the stems, which usually face the smoker, and where this practice 

 is departed from there is likelihood of its being done for the benefit, if 



' Proceedings American Philosophical Society, 1865-1868, X, p. 274. 

 NAT MUS 97 37 



Fig. 175. 



CATLINITE PIPE. 



Evanston, Illinois. 



r.it. No. 175916, U.S.N.M. Collected by Willie 



