580 



REPORT OP NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



Upper Missouri drainage, and tliongli diftering both in material and 

 certain of the characteristics from tlie preceding specimen retains 

 much of the Siouan form, though the ridges near the end of tlie stem 

 are in imitation of metal forms. It is finished with unusual skill. 

 From one end to the other it is 4^ inches long and is about IJ inches 

 wide. The bowl represents the head of a person, scarcely of Indian 

 tyi)e, the sharp chin being markedly noticeable. The ears are bored 

 with perforations an eighth of an inch in diameter, extending into the 

 ear drums. The wing or elevation on the stem is scarcely an eighth 

 of an inch tliick and has been perforated by a row of five holes. Tlie 

 opening of the stem is but one-fourth of an inch in diameter, whereas 

 that of the bowl is five-eighths of an inch, which is quite unusual in 

 pipes of the Siouan type. There has been broken from the back of the 

 head a knob intended apparently to represent a knot of hair somewhat 

 on the order of the famous Indian head found by Squire and Davis. 

 It is noticeable how markedly pronounced are the stone pipes having 

 holes laterally bored in their stems, characteristic of those areas where 



snow lies longest, it being especially 

 a feature of pipes found from the 

 Atlantic to the Pacific north of the 

 Great Lakes. 



Another of the War Dei)artment 

 specimens (fig. 180) captured from 

 the Indians of the drainage of the 

 upper waters of the Missouri retains 

 the type form of the Sioux, the pro- 

 longation of the stem being less pro- 

 nounced than usual. It is made 

 from a black stone of medium hard- 

 ness, possibly a chlorite, and is about the same dimensions as the last 

 pijje except that the stem opening is much larger in proportion than in 

 the last one, being half an inch, while the bowl is three-fourths of an 

 inch in diameter. An alate, perforated wing extends along the base as 

 in the last specimen; this wing is perforated from side to side for the 

 purpose of attaching a cord; from the perforation along one side of 

 this wing there extends a wavy line incised with such care as to impress 

 the observer that it has some special significance. About one-half inch 

 of the top of the bowl is composed of lead, Avliich is held in position by 

 three plates having discoidal ends which are inlaid on the stone at 

 equal distances around the bowl. 



Fig. 181 is a pipe of this type from the Upper Missouri, collected by 

 the U. S. War Department. It is 4i inches long and made of metal, 

 apparently lead. In order to protect the lead from the heat of the burn- 

 ing tobacco a lining of sheet copper has been inserted in the bowl, and 

 laps over the top, the bowl in its exterior shape being round, whereas 

 the stem is square. Though there are upon this pipe no discernible 



Fig. 180. 



LEAD AND STONB SIOUAN PIPE. 

 Cat. No. 2MSI, U.S.N.M. Collected by U. S. War Dei.artnient 



