AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 581 



Fig. 181. 



MET.\L PIPE. 



T7pper Missouri. 



rat. No. 234(S U.S.N.il. Collected bv V. S. Wr 



' Department. 



inokl marks, the lead part has probably been made for tlie Indian 

 trade by tbe whites. 



Pipes of the Siouan form appear to be distributed over a wider area 

 than almost any other type, owing in a measure to the attraetiveness of 

 the usual red color of the catliiiite, which must have been used by the 

 natives for pipes from their earliest accpiaintance with it, though others 

 of the Siouan stock appear to 

 have also used stones of their 

 country, such as chlorite and 

 green and gray steatites, as well 

 as black chlorite, and later the 

 white traders have introduced 

 ])ipes of the same character 

 made of metal, which the In- 

 dians have eventually used by 

 iulaying in combination with 

 the various pipe minerals. 



The wide distribution of the 

 Siouan rectangular pipe is ]nob- 

 ably owing to Indians using tliis type having adopted tlie smoking 

 habit from tbe Sioux, who have long traded in catlinite. 



The long prow of the typical Siouan pipe appears to give way on the 

 northern and western borders of their territory to a rectangular- 

 stemmed pipe, often having a ring around its stem in relief, and a 

 shortened prow, as is observed among the Ojibways, who are of Algon- 

 quin stock. This form, however, 

 appears more modern, and sug- 

 gests ownership by another peo- 

 ple. Hind refers to dift'ereut 

 tribes affecting different pipe 

 shapes.^ 



To the southwest of the Sioux 

 the prow of the pipe is again 

 encountered, though the stem is 

 shorter. With few other pipes 

 is there so strict regard had to 

 characteristics of type and, at 

 the same time, greater latitude 

 allowed for ornamentation of the e.xterior. In this type the bowl is 

 approximately as deep as the stem is long; the stem or prow may 

 vary in length, and at times an alate projection rises almost like 

 an inverted keel from the top of the stem and extending one-half or 

 two thirds the way from the mouthpiece to the bowl. This wing is 

 usually devoid of ornamentation; at other times, however, its upper 

 edge may be notched, or a greater or less number of holes may be bored 



Fig. IS-J. 



INLAID SIOUX PIPE. 



Dakota. 



Cut. No. 7307S, U.S.N.M. Collected by D. B. Wilson. 



' Henry Youle Hind, A Narrative of the Canadian Red River Exploring Expedition 



of 1857, II, p. 139, London, 1860. 



