590 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



tbe sound which bears his name, who were in coniuinnication with the 

 Asiatic coast by way of the J)iouiedes, already achlicted to the use of 

 tobacco in 181G. It is not probable that tobacco was introduced on the 

 Arctic coast by way of the IJussian settlements in Alaska. There were 

 no Knssian posts north of Bristol Bay until 1833, when St. Michael's 

 redoubt was built. When Captain Cook visited Bristol Bay, in 1778, 

 he found that tobacco was not used there, while in Norton Sound the 

 same year 'the natives had no dislike to tobacco.' " 



Neither was it introduced from the English j^osts in the east, as 

 Franklin found the Kimmudliii not in the habit of using it. "The 

 western Esquimaux use tobacco, aud some of our visitors had smoked 

 it, but thought the flavor very disagreeable." Nor had they adopted 

 the habit iu 1837. When the Plover wintered at Point Barrow, 

 according to Dr. Simpson's account, all the tobacco, except a little 

 obtained from the English discovery ships, came from Asia, and was 

 brought by the Nunatailmiun. At present the latter bring very little, 

 if any, tobacco, and the supply is obtained directly from the ships, 

 though a little occasionally finds its way up the coast from the south- 

 west. They use all kinds of tobacco, but readily distinguish and desire 



Fig. 190. 



ESKIMO PIPE 



After John Murdoch. Njuth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, p. 67. 



the sorts considered best by the whites. For instance, they were eager 

 to get the excellent quality of "navy" tobacco furnished by the com- 

 missary department, while one of our party who had a large quantity of 

 exceedingly bad flue-cut tobacco could hardly give it away. * * * 

 The habit of chewing tobacco is almost universal. Men, women, and 

 even children, though the latter be but 2 or 3 years old and unweaned, 

 when tobacco is to be obtained, keep a "chew," often of enormous size, 

 constantly iu the mouth. The juice is not spit out, but swallowed with 

 the saliva, without producing any signs of nausea. The tobacco is 

 chewed by itself and not sweetened with sugar, as was observed by 

 Hooper and Nordenskiold among the Chuckches.^ 



Fig. 190, from Utkiawin, Alaska, collected by Mr. John Murdoch, has 

 an iron bowl, noticeable for the ornamentation of the shank. This has 

 evidently been heated and shrunk on. The wooden stems of these pipes 

 appear to be willow or birch and are in two longitudinal sections, held 



'The Point Barrow Expoditioii, Ninth Annual Kept. Bureau of Ethnology, ]>. 65. 



J 



