AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 591 



togetlier by the Isishiiig of seal-skin thong- which serves to attach the 

 bowl to the stem. This lashing was evidently put on wet and allowed 

 to shrink, and the ends are secured by tucking under the turns. The 

 whipping at the mouthpiece is of fine sinew thread. A picker of steel 

 for cleaning out the bowl is attached to the stem by a piece of seal 

 thong, the end of whicli is turned under the lashing. 



Fig. 101, from Utkiawiu, Alaska, also collected by IMr. John Murdoch, 

 has a bowl of rather soft greenish gray slate. The stones are always 

 of the same material and put together in the same way, but are some- 



Pig.191. 

 ESKIMO PIPE. 



Aftt-r J.ihn Murd.iih. Niuth Anuu:il Keiwrt o£ the Bureau ol: Ethnology, p. HT. 



times lozenge shaped instead of elliptical in section. The lashing is 

 sometimes of three-ply sinew braid. The bowl shows the greatest 

 variation both in form and material. 



Fig. 192 is a bowl of walrus ivory lined with copper from Utkiawin, 

 Alaska, collected by Mr. John Murdoch. "Antler and stone pipes of 

 this pattern and rather small are usually carried by the men out of doors, 

 while the more elaborate metal pii^es, which are often very large and 

 handsome (I have seen some with a saucer 3 inches in diameter) are 



Fig. 192. 



ALASKAN PIPE. 



Utkiawin, Alaska. 



Cat. No. 89'JN5. U.S.N. M. Collected by John Murdoch. 



more frequently used in the house and by the women. The stem is 

 usually a foot to 13 inches long, though pipes at least IS inches long 

 were seen. To most pipes are attached pickers, as in the type speci- 

 men. The picker is in all cases of metal, usually iron or steel, but 

 sometimes of copper. When not in use the point is tucked under 

 the lashing under the stem. The pipes are readily taken apart for 

 cleaning." 



