598 



REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



the Iiidiaih, upon certain solemn occasions in commemoration of some 

 treaty, and which were intended as reminders of some notable event 

 or agreemeiit undertaken. To one such in I^ew York a reference has 

 been preserved. 



Dr. J. Walter Fewkes found the natives of Tusayan, New Mexico, 

 smoking upon all ceremonial occasions the Nkotiana attemtata (Piba; 

 from napi, leaf; paku moisture), which forms also part of nearly all 

 prayer ofi'erings.' 



Foeniculum officinale, (kwanwa-pibaj from kwanwa, sweet; piba, to- 

 bacco)^ is used as a substitute for piba, but is never smoked ceremoni- 

 allj^ The same term applies to tobacco obtained from the whites, 

 which is not used ceremonially. 



DELAWARE TYPES. 



Holm, as quoted by Dr. C. C. Abbott, says of the Delaware Indians: 

 "They make tobacco pipes out of reeds about a man's length. The 

 bowl is made of horn, and to contain a great quantity of tobacco. 

 They generally present these pipes to their friends. They made them 

 otherwise of red, yellow, and blue clay, of which there is a great quan- 

 tity in the country, also of white, gray, green, brown, black, and blue 

 stones, which are so soft that they can be cut with a knife. Of these 



they make their pipes a yard and a 

 half long."3 



Fig. 198, collected by Prof. S. S. 

 Haldeman, of Delaware, differs in 

 certain respects from pipes found 

 elsewhere and points to a type dis- 

 tinct from any yet described. This 

 pipe is about 3 inches long and is 

 made from a compact black stone, 

 probably a slate. The round bowl 

 of this type often has a slight lip in 

 front, and the stem is usually ex- 

 ternally square, with some animal 

 carved upon it focing the smoker. The diameter of the bowl opening is 

 five-eighths of an inch, while that of the stem is but one-fourth of an inch ; 

 this proportion usually being constant in all typical specimens. The 

 turtle crawls toward the smoker, its head, neck, eyes, and both shells 

 being distinguishable, though the feet and legs are not. The work on 

 this pipe appears to be done by means of steel tools, file marks being 

 distinct. Dr. Abbott refers to pipes of this type — one from Delaware, 

 the other from Pennsylvania, made of a greenish compact serpentine.^ 

 Another specimen of the Cherokee pipe (fig. 199) found in Cherokee 



'American Anthropologist, January, 1896, p. 19. 



2l«lem, p. 20. 



•'rriinitive Industry, p. 316, Salem, 1881. 



^ Idem, pp. 321, 322. 



Fi.:;. lOX. 



DELAWARE PIPE. 



Delaware. 

 Cat. No. 3l!*in, U.S.N. M. Colleited bv S.S. Haldemar 



