AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 599 



Fig. 199. 



CHEROKEE PIPE. 



Clierokeo County, North Carolina. 



Cat. No. 313S5, U.S.N.M. 

 Collected by J. T. Wilder. 



County, Xortli Carolina, and collected by Gen. .1, T. Wilder, is ."li 

 inches long and made from a dark-green chlorite. Tlie characteristic 

 lip of the bowl is pronounced, the bear facing the sihoker supplants 

 the turtle of the preceding specimen. The bear stands on all four feet, 

 and is carved in the round, his front and hind claws being represented, 

 though the mouth and eyes are not. Pipes of this type are usuall}^ 

 ground to quite a smooth surface, and 

 are decidedly symmetrical, being among 

 the most modern of distinctively Ameri- 

 can Indian pipes. 



xVnother pipe of this type (flg. 200) from 

 Xorth Carolina and collected by Mr. 

 James Mooney, diflters from the preced- 

 ing figures only in the character of the 

 stem, which is round. The animal 

 figured is probably a gray squirrel, with 

 its bushy tail, in the act of eating, or rub- 

 bing its face. The specimens of these 



pipes will in all i^robability, when hereafter found, demonstrate that 

 while bowl and stem cavities remained constant the animals upon their 

 stems will differ because of their liaving a totemic significance, as appears 

 highly probable of animal figures wherever found, especially as those 

 which are recognizable are known totems of American tribes. 



Mr. D. r>. Brunner figures a pipe of this type from the collection of 

 Gen. George M. Keim, of Berks County, Pennsylvania, which has a 

 square stem and is without ornamentation and made of a dark serpen- 

 tine, the pipe being finely polished.' 



In the museum of the University of Pennsylvania are two pipes of 



this type from Xorth Carolina, one plain, 

 the other having a bear on the stem. 



INDETERMINATE TYPES. 



Fig. L'Ol, from Hanover, Jefierson 

 County, Indiana, collected by Mr. George 

 Spangler, is a type specimen of a distinct 

 class of i)ipes of rectangular shape, which 

 are found in several States and are usu- 

 ally finished with some skill. The one 

 here figured is 3 inches long, li inches 

 high, and is 1;^ inches wide, with a bowl opening three-fourths of an 

 inch in diameter, while that of the stem is only three-sixteenths of 

 an inch. They are apparently intended for smoking without a separate 

 stem, and in dimensions of bowl and stem cavities approached those of 

 the curved-base mound pipes. This one is inade of a light gray ophio- 

 lite and is finished with unusual skill, the surface having a glass-like 



Fig. 200. 

 CHEROKEE STONE PIPE. 



Cherokee County, North Carolina 



Cat. No. 130497, U.S.X.M. Collected by JameaMo. 



'The Indians of Rorl<s County, Pmnsylvania, ]>. !•(>, lig. it?, Rpinlinj;, 1881. 



