AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 607 



bowl tliiee himitiii faces, iioiie of Avliicli face the smoker, those oii the 

 sides stiougly reseiiibliug masks. The pipe is 4i inches long, with a 

 height of L* inches. On the underside of the stem there is a scroll-like 

 handle, carved from the stone, slightly curved and rolling at each 

 end, where it is attached to the stem, while around the end of 

 the stem itself there is a band such as is ofteu encountered on the 

 Southern Atlantic coast of the United States, but unknown on the 

 Pacific in the writer's experience. This scroll-like handle is carved by 

 one familiar with heavy metal and was said to be found 14 feet from the 

 surface of a mine worked at the time of the conquest.' The face of this 

 pipe on the far side of the bowl has a mustache. The pipe has been 

 bored by means of a pointed steel tool. The writer was also shown by 

 Mr. Douglass a photograph of a somewhat similar pipe which is in the 

 Christie collection of the British Museum, which is said to have come 

 from British Columbia. Another of this character, having only one 

 head upon it, has a beard on the 

 face, and is said to come from 

 Pembina Eed River of the Xorth. 

 These several specimens come 

 from widely separate areas, 

 though it aijpears to the writer 

 that all of them originally 

 started from the blue slate quar- 

 ries out of which the Indians of 

 Queen Charlottes Islands work 

 so many really beautiful ob- 

 jects. Just as the natives 

 of the northwestern coast of 

 America at the present day 

 work pipes into many grotesque 



forms for the purpose of attracting the w hite man's fancy and conse- 

 quently his money, so the writer imagines that the early European on 

 the continent, along the Atlantic coast and the interior rivers and lakes, 

 carved of the steatites and chlorites and indurated clays pipes of a 

 character for which the Indian would pay the largest price in furs, and 

 eventually traded to the Indian tools of hard metal fit to saw and 

 scrape the softer stones suitable for tobacco pipes, a i)ractice which the 

 Indian himself would follow, and we know from more than one source 

 that he did imitate the white man's design. 



Fig. 212 is a rectangular pipe made of a dark-green serpentine. It is 

 S^ inches long by 2^ inches in height, found in Indiana, collected by 

 Mr. H. T. Woodman. It is smoothed over its whole surface and orna- 

 mented by a double row of small holes bored into the bowl near the top 

 and has a slight incision around the exterior of the rim encircling 

 the bowl. This specimen is sufficiently distinct from other specimens 

 to entitle it to a place by itself, though its age is probably re(!ent. 



Fig. 212. 



RECTANGULAR STONE PIPE. 



Indiana. 



Cat. No. 455.S7, U.S.N.M. Collected by H. T. \V.....lii 



I Americau Autic[uariau, November, 1889, p. 349. 



