AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 609 



We may imagine the process of drilling these long stemmed pipes, if 

 made by the natives, by what this writer says of their using- the straight 

 shaft as a boring tool in jierforatiiig shells, " Thus,'' he says, "they roll 

 continually on their thighs with tlieir right hand, holding the bit of 

 shell with their left, so in time they drill a hole cpiite through it, 

 which is very tedious work; but esi^ecially in making their Ronoak, four 

 of which will scarce make one length of wami)uui, the work was per- 

 formed with a nail stuck in a cane or reed."' ' 



He further says of their work: "At spare hours the women make bas- 

 kets and mats to lie upon, and those that are not extraordinary hunters 

 make bowls, dishes, and spoons of gum wood and the tulii) tree; others, 

 when they And a vein of white clay tit for their i)urpose, nuike tobacco 

 pipes, all which are often transported to other Indians that perhaps 

 have greater plenty of deer and game; so they buy with these manu- 

 factures the raw skins, which they dress 

 afterwards." - 



An almost black chlorite pipe (fig. 

 213), .34 inches long, from Monroe 

 County, Tennessee, collected by Mr. 

 J. W. Emmert, has a uniformly smooth 

 surface. The walls of both bowl and 

 stem are each extremely thin, scarcely Fig. 213. 



more than one-sixteenth of an inch ; the ^^"^''"'^ ^^'^'^^'^ ^'^"- 



, , , . , , . -, Monroe County, Tennessee. 



stem hole has a conoidal opening de- ^ , ^, ,,„,. tcxt., ^„ ..> , wv 



'- ^ Cat. No. 116546, U.S.N. M. Collected by J. W. Emmert. 



creasing in the 2 inches of its length 



from one-half to one-fourth of an inch in diameter. There are several 

 l)ipes in the U. S. National Museum collection of this character from 

 the Lenoir burial place in North Carolina, the perforations in the bowls 

 and stems of which appear to indicate the use of metal tools. A pipe 

 of this character was found in a mound on New Kiver, southwestern 

 Virginia, by Mr. H. 11. Flanagan. It is made of pottery, which has 

 upon its surface those small indentations, or mill marks, noticeable on 

 the English molded trade pipe. These indentations show, however, 

 that they have been incised since the baking of the pipe and conse- 

 quent hardening of the clay. 



A stone pipe, having all the characteristics of the English pipes of 

 commerce, made from a material of light-brown color, was recently 

 found on the Potomac River, near Shepherdstown, by Mr. Newton D. 

 Sprecher. The same type is also found in the Lenoir burial place, made 

 of a hard-burned black pottery. 



Fig. 214, collected by Mr. John P. Ilogan, is a pottery pipe, 4 inches 

 long, decreasing in size from the bowl to the end of the stem. There 

 is no indication of any wear caused by the teeth. The openings of the 

 stems of pipes of this character are of a size indicating that they were 



' JohnLawson, The History of Carolina, p. 316, London, 1714, reprint, Raleigh, 1860. 

 2Idem,p. 338, 1860. 



NAT MUS 97 39 



