620 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. "" 



merit, and those of stone and ])ottery are so similar, tbe stone speci- 

 mens often showing the file mark, as to impress one with the belief 

 that the art concept of the whole series is that of the whites, even 

 thonjih it should be contended that the manipulation were that of 

 Indians. The resemblance surviving among French atid J^utch pipes 

 of the present day would appear to indicate French origin rather than 

 Dutch, especially when the treatment of the Cayuga clay pipes having 

 bird beaks are compared with the Southern specimens. If this sur- 

 mise be correct, then these pipes would appear to be contemporaneous 

 with the early French settlements in the Carolinas. 



The French family names of the Carolinas attest the nationality of 

 its settlers in the colonial period. Twenty years prior to the advent of 

 Raleigh, Laudonierre, in 15C2, was sent by AdmiraJ Coligny, under a 

 patent of Charles IX, to make a settlement in America, llibault having 

 planted a colony of French at Port Eoyal Bay. These i^eople were all 

 massacred by the Spanish in 1565, though a few years later, in 1579, we 

 find the French Huguenots and Walloons settling in the Dutch Repub- 

 lic' Man}^ of them settled in Acadia, and because of the edict of 

 Nantes others settled in Carolina, and still others, after a short resi- 

 dence in Canada and New York, went south because of the climate 

 being more like that of France.^ 



When Nova Scotia surrendered to the British after the treaty of 

 Utrecht in 1763, many Acadians refused to take the oath of allegiance, 

 and 1500 were at one time transported to Charleston, South Carolina.^ 



In the French colonies young women recruits were enrolled in France 

 and came to people America,'' just as the "redemptorists" were brought 

 to America, and whose time was sold to reimburse the companies of 

 shipi)ers who imported them under contract to be paid back by their 

 labor. 



The earliest colonists "exported furs and peltries, much of which was 

 procured from the Indians, which gave rise to a brisk trade between 

 them and the settlers in the way of barter."' 



Anthony Park, one of the first settlers of the back country, who 

 then lived in the Newberry district (1758), traveled a few hundred miles 

 among the Indians west of the Allegheny Mountains. He found sev- 

 eral white men, chiefly Irish or Scotch, who said they had lived as much 

 as twenty years among the Indians, a few from forty to fifty, and one 

 sixty years, who must have taken up his residence 100 miles west of 

 Charleston before the close of the seventeenth century,*^ and these are 

 the people who would naturally introduce ornamental pipes among the 

 natives as articles of trade, having no source of suj)ply other than t])e 

 country afforded. 



' Charles W. Biard, History of Huguenot Emigration to America, I, p. 151, New York. 



-Idem, I, pp. 7, 9. 



3 David Ramsay, History of South Carolina, I, ji. 15, Charleston, 1809. 



^M. Bossn, Nouveanx Voyages aux Indes Occidentalcs, I, p. 23, Paris, 1768. 



•''David Ramsay, History oi" Soutli Carolina, 11, j). 233. 



'•Idem, I, p. 208, note. 



