COMHINATIOX CLAY, COPPER, AND WOOD PIPE. 



St. Loui.s, Mis.souri. 



A. E. DouRlass collection. New York City. 



622 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



the four cardinal ])oiuts, and lastly over my breast, hands it toward me, 

 which I cheerfully received from him, and we fell into conversation."' 

 Brickell speaks of the heads of these pipes in 1737, which are gener- 

 ally cut out of stone, as being very large, "the shanks whereof are 

 made of hollow cane.'"^ 



Fig. 239 is an extremely interesting pipe, 3i inches long and 1^ inches 

 high, 'found among a number of bones in digging a well on the bluff at 

 Baden, a northern suburb of St. Louis. With it, about G feet below 

 the surface, were fouud a few arrowheads, indicating that it was an 

 Indian grave. There is evidence in its makeup that shows a curious 

 combination of savage and civilized ingenuity, resembling greatly the 

 combination pipes of the northwest coast. The body of the specimen 



is composed of a close-grained 

 hard wood, shaped to resemble 

 a bird; the mouth is indicated 

 by an incision on each side of the 

 bill ; to represent the eyes a stiff 

 copper wire has been inserted 

 through the head and smoothed 

 ^'s -^^ even with the surface of the 



wood ; on each side, probably in- 

 dicating the bird's wings, there 

 is a copper plate, held in position 

 by rivets of the same metal ; on the breast of the bird there is let into the 

 wood a plate of copper, fastened by three rivets ; the bowl of a typical 

 English trade pipe has been sawed off at the base and inserted tightly 

 into the bird's back and is connected with a stem drilled from the bird's 

 tail, and had to be smoked with a separate stem. This pipe is now in 

 the Douglass collection and has been illustrated by Dr. E. A. Barber.^ 

 In a somewhat careful search for illustrations of early jiipes the 

 results have not been encouraging, one of the earliest writers to figure 

 them being Neander, who, in 1()2G, illustrates five Persian pipes of 

 forms different from those with which we in America are familiar.^ 



Though this is significant of the wonderful spread in a few years of 

 the use of tobacco. 



The Indian in his savage life may be considered i^eculiar in his offer- 

 ings of tobacco to allay storms on the water, but was he different in 

 his superstitions to nations of the Old World, where we find that the 

 Roman, according to Gibbon, "deprecated the wrath of the Tiber," 

 nor could he deride the Egyptian who presented his offering to the 

 beneficent genius of the 2:^ile?'^ 



1 William Bartrani, Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and 

 West Florida, p. 349, Dublin, 1793. 



2 John Brickell, The Natural History of North Carolina, p. 287, Dublin, 1737. 

 ^ Ameriran Antiquarian, IV, p. 199. 



■•Johannum Neandrum, Tobacologia, Leyden, 1620. 



'^Edward Gibbon, History of Decline and Fall of tlie Roman Empire, I, p. 33, 

 Philadelphia, 1804. 



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