630 REPORT OP NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



deuces of being enlarged after drilling by gouging witli some implement. 

 In contour many of these i)i[)es arc as graceful as any found on this 

 Continent, their surface tinish being almost perfect while the walls of 

 stem and bowl are finished with a delicacy difiicult to improve with any 

 modern tools. These pipes are rarely orniiinented with incised lines, 

 and so far as the writer recalls, never have upon their surfaces carved 

 figures. 



A rectangular stone pipe, having a bowl at right angles to a long 

 stem and having some creature (uawling over the front of the bowl, 

 was made of steatite by means of sawing the stone into sliape and 

 gouging the surface and finally completing the object with metal 

 tools has been found along the seaboard, from Pennsylvania to Nova 

 Scotia; and though attributed by many to a period antedating tlie 

 whites, seems quite modern, and has upon its surface distinct file marks 

 which could apparently only be made with the white man's file* 



One of the most pronounced types of aboriginal American pipes 

 would by many be said to be the familiar Micmac pipe, found as far 

 south as Ohio and Kentucky and from the Atlantic north of the (Ireat 

 Lakes to the Pacific Ocean. Tliis i)ipe is commonly so profusely orna- 

 mented and so often has its bowl bored by means of a tubular metal 

 drill and is so uniformly finished with a file as to leave little doubt 

 of its being made with modern metal tools. These pipes with their 

 keel-like bases bored with from one to six holes for the purposes of 

 attaching tassels and strings to prevent loss in the snow, are usually 

 of most symmetrical shape. This pipe is still made in Labrador, and 

 specimens are known that are finished with totemic figures upon their 

 bowls, carved witli a skill and with characters that could scarcely be 

 claimed to be Indian. 



The disk pipe, usually feund in the States of Illinois, Missouri, and 

 Kentucky, with specimens from Ontario, are of mound type, though 

 their outline is so similar to the jews'-harp as to raise suspicion that 

 such an instrument furnished the model for the type. The jew's-harp 

 was a common aiticile of barter with the natives, and on many occa- 

 sions is mentioned among presents given at some treaty made at a 

 council meeting between the whites and Indians. Specimens of this 

 type made of catlinite would also suggest a modern period for the origin 

 of the type, for there is douht whether catlinite was ever traded so far 

 from the quarries until subsequent to the advent of the Freuch. 



The Iroquoian pipes found along the river St. Lawrence and in the 

 neighborhood of the Great Lakes may be said to vary one from the 

 other more than pipes found in the eastern United States. First they 

 were curved clay pipes having bowl and stem in one; then pipes 

 made of a stalagnia, the .straight stems of which are at right angles 

 almost with the bowls, and finally stone pipes of the bowl type for sep- 

 arate steins of wood. All three of these pipes are found in the area 

 of influence of the Iroquoian confederacy and with scarcely an excep- 



