AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 637 



illustrated liave double foces ou their bowls, one facing toward and 

 and the other facing- from the smoker, from Bexley. Township, Ontario.' 

 Other of these illustrations would indicate masks. Mr. Boyle in his 

 publications demonstrates the great diversity of exterior form of the 

 Ontario pipe. The bowls and stem openings of the pottery specimens 

 remain of type character, though a single one appears to have been 

 enlarged for the reception of an artificial stem. 



Parkman's says that the Jesuits were reported to have carried ou 

 trade through the savages for furs,' this primitive intercourse of a com- 

 mercial character would have been a most effective method for opening 

 the road to the missionaries through the territoiy of the savages, 

 which once opened would afford opportunity for the spread of the 

 doctrines of the church. 



The term " tabagie " or " tabagio," at times occurring in early French 

 publications, is evidently derived from the word •' tobacco'' and has its 

 origin in the smoking habit. Marc Lescarbot, in referring to a victory 

 of the French and their Algonquin allies on July 29, 1609, over their 

 Iroquoian enemies, speaks of it as a triumph which they celebrated 

 with great festivities, consisting of continual tabagie, dances and 

 chants, according to their custom. ' 



A reference by Biard about 1G32, that "the savage made tabagie for 

 them all with moose meat,'' ^ would indicate that the term at this period 

 had come to signify a feast, as it appears later to have become corrupted 

 into "tapage", a row or noise. 



Father Pierre Biard, referring to demands of the Indians for tobacco 

 in 1611, says the king should present him 4 or 5 pounds of bread, 3 of 

 peas or beans, 1 of tobacco, 4 or 5 cloaks worth 100 sons each, bows, 

 arrows, harpoons, and other similar articles.' 



As akin to customs existing in other parts of tlie country, reference 

 is made in 1616, in Acadia, to the fact that, if the dying man has some 

 supplies on hand, lie must make tabagie of them for all his relations 

 and friends.*^ 



Biard, hi 1616, further says: ''They also use tobacco and inhale the 

 smoke, as is done in France. This is without doubt a help to them, 

 and upon the Avhole rather necessary, considering the extremes of cold 

 and bad weather, and of hunger and of overeating and satiety which 



• Tenth Annual Report of the Ontario Archyeological Musenm, 1897-1898, p. 17, 

 tig. 7, Toronto, 1898. 



2 Francis Parkman's "Works, p. .38, Boston, 1895. 



'Marc Lescarbot, The Conversion of the Savages, .Jesuit Ivchitions and Allied 

 Documents, I, p. 107, Cleveland, 189(3. 



^ Father Pierre Biard, Relation de la Nouvelle Franci', .lesiiit Relations and Allied 

 Documents, V, p. 27. 



•"^Letter to the General of the Society of .Jesus, .Icsuit Relations and Allied Docu- 

 ments, I, p. 177, Cleveland, 1896. 



'■Father Pierre Biard, Relation de la Nouvelle France, .Jesuit Relations and Allied 

 Documents, III, p. 127, Cleveland, 1896. 



