AMERICAN AI5()RI(iINAL PIPKS AND SMOKlN(! CUSTOMS. H.'JO 



;iii(l Cliiiiii it is 0])iuni wiiicli is espoci.illy in laxoi- and piovcs I lie 

 iuiti(iiiity of the luibit. 



Tlic l*ortu^iiese, Odoaido r>jirl«)sa, in Mio account ol'liis voyii^es, If)!*.), 

 says tlnit at tliat tinui tlic (!liiu('S(> boni^lit opium in India. 



NaiiJih, the prophet of the ISildis, born in 1 ll'.>, ddcMids in liis <iecrtH's 

 tlie use of the pipe aniouy the Sikhs, bnl Ibund Ihe practice so noted 

 anioiiii' the Hindoos that he made an e\c(^ption in tlieir favor. 



In tiu^ bc^inniniL; of the sevent(!entli century a. series of edicts were 

 l)nbUslied in Turkey Jij;jiinst sniol<«'rs, and in Constant inopic eveiyone 

 Ibund by tiie police smokiny a pipe in the streets was handed over to 

 tlie executioner. 



IMarco Paulo makes no reference in the middle of th<' thiiteentii cen- 

 tury to the i)ipe and to the smoking' habit.'" 



lionstetten also says: 



"The Buriats; inhabitants of the banks of the I>aikal, mix the bark 

 of l)ine with tobacco. 



"The Karaks of Tassceva offer ])inelies of tobacco to tlie riviMs and 

 mountains; ]ik(! them the Ostiaks bury a i)ipe with tiie dead.''- 



Kavarette, referriu^' to (Jolumbus's messengers who were sent ashore, 

 says: "The two Christians found on their Journey many ])eoi)Ie return- 

 ing' to their \illaf?es, and both men and women carried in tluMi' hands a 

 lighted coal and herbs lor i)erl'uniin,iL;' t iiemselv(\s, as is liieir iiabit."' 



Yet it will be ren)end)ere(l that another author has refene<l to this 

 same occurrence in a somcnvhat. different manner. 



Cobunbns describes the religious ceiemony of ])la('in^' a platlei- con- 

 taininjj cohabba on the head of tiie idol, the worship])ers then snullinj;' 

 u]) the powder tlirough a cane with two l)raiiches.' 



\'j. li. iJillings says Oviedo describes the bifurcated imphiUMMit, " as 

 about a span long.'''' This implement as a snufling' tube inis been fully 

 discussed by Dr. Max Uhle in bis i)aper, referred to earlier in this 

 work, in which he shows that somewhat similar implenuMits have been 

 employed in various |)arts of Central and South Amc^rica. 



A tube, though employed lor an entirely diffei'cnt purpose, is 

 described by Eivind Astru[) as in use by th<', natives of (Jape York. 

 He says: "At the side of the lump of meal stood also a. huge block of 

 ice as clear as crystal, when(;(5 the commnniiy obtaJned water, as in 

 the center of it a cavity had been cut, at tlui bottom of u hieh a, stone 

 was placed of the size of a man's list, on which therc^ burned with a 

 good llame a piecti of moss intersect,(Ml with blubi)ei'; and as the ic(^ 

 melted at the sides of the cavity, the water collected at the bottom in 



' IJiinm (1«! I?()iist(!tti'n, liC/Ciicil d'Aiit i(|iii(,('cs Siumsos, I'I. '.i, \>. II, I'niK^ ;iiiii 

 l';iriH, IR'm. 

 Mfiii, ]>. II. 

 ■M. F. [)e Xiiviiiottc, Relation doH <^iiiitr<'M Voy.-ijucs dc (!litist<i|ili(i Coloinli, II, p. 

 1(17, PiiriH, 1828. 



' Coiidainino's TravclH in I'inkcrton'H Voviiy'iH :'ii<i 'rnivcls, XIV, p. L'2(). 

 Tobacco, its History, etc., p. .'W, Ilaitl'oid, 1875. 



