AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 645 



Innjjuage, and the Clallams, at present, smoking is common, but lie 

 could not learn tliat there was ever any smoking previous to the com- 

 ing of the English and Americans sixty or eighty years ago. When the 

 Hudson's Bay Company came, it became more common. ' 



The Haidasta, Dr. Barber says, use the bark of Conius stolon if era, 

 also Corniis sericea., dried and jirepared for smoking. 



The Tunguses are said never to "travel without having a sort of 

 censor hung on their arm (or little chafing dish). In throwing on tliis 

 portable fire wood and half-dried herbs they stir up a great deal of odor 

 to their fire which all the insects dislike." ^ The same author says the 

 Lapps make this odor with sponge. 



Mr. Raphael Pumpelly writes Dr. Barber from Oswego, iTew York, in 

 1878, that '• in Ladak and Thibet the natives in traveling make a small, 

 smooth hole in the ground, which tliey fill with tobacco, and then make 

 a connecting hole through which they draw the smoke directly into the 

 mouth, thus making the ground perform the parts of a bowl." 



Mr. Clarence B. Moore has illustrate'd from mounds on the Georgia 

 coast two or three other pii)es, both of pottery and of stone, which pre- 

 sent uni({ue features impossible to classify with any type.^ 



There are in the U. S. National Museum a number of walrus ivorj^ 

 I)ipes which are commonly bored lengthwise of the tusk, one-half from 

 each end. The opening in the larger end is subsequently plugged with 

 a i)iece of ivory and colored black to conceal where the plug is inserted. 

 At times the smaller end is shaped to form a mouthpiece; at other 

 times an opening is left for the insertion of a mouthpiece comj^osed of 

 wood, bone, ivory, or even of metal, instances occurring of copper car- 

 tridges being so employed. The bowls of the character of those of figs. 

 188 to 192, inclusive, which appear to be of Japanese type, are held in 

 position by gluing, mortising, with dowels, or, as is often the case, 

 bound on with green seal skin thongs and allowed to dry. The bowls 

 are variously of stone, bone, ivory, or metal. The etching on these 

 pipes is often quite elaborate, representing scenes from Arctic daily 

 life, both ludicrous and serious. There is a specimen of this type 

 which has been bored by a succession of holes along the back all being 

 subsequently cut into a single opening, which was subsequently closed 

 with a tight plate as in fig. 189, though much longer. There is, how- 

 ever, strong reason to suppose such pipes to be modern and intended 

 rather for sale than for smoking. 



There is in the U. S. National Museum (Xo. 1210, loans catalogue) the 

 cast of a steatite pipeintheform of a flying squirrel, collected by Mai, W.B. 

 Camp, Sacket Harbor, Xew York, which is of unique character in that it 

 is a straight tube, the exterior representing the scpiirrel with its extended 

 wings in the act of sailing through the air. This pipe is described in the 

 Proceedings of the Jefferson County Historical Society for 1895. 



1 Mr. Eels to Dr. E. A. Barber, September, 1878. 



2 Cornelius De Paw, Rethercbes Pbilosopbique.s sur les AmiTicaiiis. I, p. 247. 

 ^Clareuce B. Moore, Certain Aboriginal Mounds of tbe Georgia Coast, Pbiladel- 



phia, 1897. 



