ARROWPOINTS, SPEARHEADS, AND KNIVES. 857 



students of preliistoric artiba'ology, and has been visited by the leading 

 authorities of that science of Europe. There lias been no restriction by 

 theowner of the land upon the carrying away of as many pieces of flint 

 as the visitors may desire, and this permission has been used to a surpris- 

 ing extent. Yet when the author visited this field ten and thirteen 

 years afterwards, pieces of worked flint were apparently in as great 

 profusion as in the first instance. The search of a single afternoon over 

 its surface secured such a number of these specimens that he was 

 unable to carry them, and a peasant was employed to transport them 

 to the railway station. So numerous were the evidences of prehistoric 

 human industry, that despite the great desires and long-continued 

 eftbrts of the farmer to rid his field of these stones, yet in many places 

 they constituted, for a depth of 2 or 3 feet, a large proportion of the 

 earthy material. The photographic idate of samples (Plate 5) gives a 

 fair idea of the commoner objects, such as broken hatchets, cores, picks, 

 hammer stones, scrapers, and flakes. 



Cornet and Briart are both dead, but their places have been taken by 

 Baron de Lot' and M. de Munck, who have continued the work, and the 

 author was fortunate enough to have heard, at the International Prehis- 

 toric Archaeological Congress in Paris, 1889, their joint paper describing 

 the continuation of their investigation and the discoveries of the work- 

 shops supplied by flint from these mines. It was the opinion of these 

 observers that the material had been divided up at the pit's mouth and 

 carried to dift'erent workshops in the neighborhood, there to be manu- 

 factured into implements. The theory was advanced that these Avork- 

 shops had been sijecialized so that only one kind of implement was made 

 in each shop or by each workman. The investigations showed that 

 there had been a division of labor, and that each workman or each 

 band of workmen had been confined practically to the manufacture of 

 a single class of implements. 



The hatchet was the principal implement, yet there were all kinds of 

 scrapers, i)icks, arrowpoints and spearheads, and flakes in great num- 

 bers, probably intended for use as knives. These were in all stages of 

 manufacture, from the rudest chipping to the finished (Plate 5). The 

 hatchets were only chipped to proper form ready for polishing. 



The structure of flint is such that it is better worked by chipping 

 than l)y pecking. Granite and kindred material is wrought by peck- 

 ing or hammering, but flint by chipping. In European preliistoric 

 workshops most of the rough work was by chipping and not by peck- 

 ing or hammering. The workshops are to be traced by the chips and 

 refuse, and closer investigation showed them probably to have been 

 huts, which may also have served as habitations for the workmen. 

 There were depressions in the surface, and the ground was pounded 

 hard, as though it had been for a floor. These observers thought they 

 could, in some cases, discover the evidence of the wooden material of 

 which the hut had been built. The workshops all occulted high and 



