868 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



In addition to the skeleton the following objects were found: Three 

 polished- stone hatchets of diorite, entire; 14 hatchets, fragments, unfin- 

 ished; 7 pendants of stone; 3 beads, talc; 3 chisels, hatchet (?) of dio- 

 rite; 5 flakes, flint; chamfered polishers, schistose diorite, unique; 1 

 briquet, " strike-a- light," iron pyrite;' 4 sinkers, scrapers in all stages 

 of i^rogress, many of them finished, aud hammers of various kinds aud 

 styles. There were divers tools, ornaments, domestic objects, etc., not 

 necessarily connected with scrapers or their manufacture. They were 

 the objects used by the workmen while engaged in their duty. 



The author took for his share such objects as he desired, and has had 

 photographed a series of them (Plate 12). Observe that on the left are 

 the finished and on the right the unfinished scrapers. 



UNITED STATES. 



Flint Bidge, lAcking County, Ohio. — This is probably the most exten- 

 sive aud the best known of all prehistoric flint quarries in the United 

 States. It is on a high, level jilateau on the road, equidistant between 

 Newark, Licking County, and Zanesville, Muskingum County, Ohio, 

 lying partly in both counties (Plate 13). Its ridge is about 8 miles 

 east and west and 2i north and south. The outline of the plateau 

 is exceedingly irregular. The surface of the country has been greatly 

 eroded, the streams having cut down about 300 feet below the original 

 level, washing deep ravines, which run up into the plateau with steei^ 

 banks, leaving high, jutting points of land. The covering earth of the 

 plateau is alluvial — clay, shale, etc. — and lies directly on the stratum 

 of flint. The stratum of flint dips to the southeast, as do nearly all 

 formations in eastern Ohio, while the surface of the plateau holds 

 about the same level. The top of the flint stratum at the western end 

 is 3 or 4 feet beneath the surface; at the eastern it is 8 or 10 feet, and 

 the layer itself is from 4 to 7 feet iu thickness throughout the plateau. 



Mr. Gerard Fowke describes the geology of Flint Eidge as follows:^ 



In the geological scale this flint is continuous with the ferruginous linustone of 

 southeastern Ohio, and is highly fossiliferous in some places. In the museum of the 

 State University is a very fine nautilus embedded in a piece of buhrstoue from this 

 place. Other smaller fossils occur abundantly both in this aud the more solid flint, 

 particularly Fusulina cylindrica, a small foraminifer found in great numbers in Europe 

 at a corresponding horizon. Very frequently, however, the fossil, being calcareous 

 in its nature, lias disappeared, and only the matrix remains. 



Underneath the flint lies the Putnam Hill limestone of the Ohio survey, so named 

 from a high hill opposite Zanesville, where it is well shown. The upper part of this 

 limestone is shelly, sometimes closely approaching a thin sandstone in its appear- 

 ance, and of a yellow cast; farther down it becomes more solid and takes on a blue 

 color. 



The flint, from its great resistance to weathering agencies, forms the cap rock of 

 the whole ridge, the superincumbent material being for the most part either clay or 



' Similar to fig. 223, Evans, Ancient Stone Implements. 

 "Smithsonian Report, 1884, pp. 856, 857. 



