878 



REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



At tlie Paris Exposition of 18S() Dr. Ca])itan (lis])laye(l a series of 

 stone inii)lementsin all stages of pi'ogress and approaching completion, 

 together with the tools used in their manufacture. The possible method 

 of making stone implements was discussed at the tenth session of the 

 International Congress of Prehistoric Archu'ology of Paris in 1889. 

 M. A. de Mortillet showed, with illustrations, the cracking and chipping 

 of flint by the heat of the sun, exposure to the air, by fire, by i)ercus- 

 sion, and i)ressare. Dr. Oapitan gave a practical demonstration of the 

 methods emi)loyed. He used the hammer, with and without the inter- 

 vention of a punch, by stroke, free hand, and on the anvil. The nucleus 

 was the dc'bris, while the flake was the desired i)roduct. The flake, 

 larger or smaller, once obtained, was subjected to secondary chipi)ing, 



by which it was made into 

 the arrowpoiut, spearhead, 

 or knife, according to the 

 intention of the maker and 

 the ])ossibilities of the mate- 

 rial. This was done bj^ per- 

 cussion or striking with a 

 hammer either with or with- 

 out the intervention of a 

 punch, while the object is 

 held in the hand or on the 

 knee; by pressure with a 

 flaker, and (for other imple- 

 ments than arrow or spear 

 heads) by hammering or 

 l^ecking, and by grinding 

 or polishing.^ 



Sir John Evans interested 

 the International Congress 

 of Prehistoric Archteology, 

 held in Norwich, England, 

 in 18G8, by nniking in its 

 presence flint im})lements, both by pressure and percussion. At the 

 meeting of the British Association in Aberdeen he showed specimens of 

 the flint knai)per's work obtained by his son, Mr. Arthur J. Evans, in 

 the town of Joannina, in the province of Epirus, stmthern Albania. 

 Mr. Arthur J. Evans had met the old workman in the streets engaged in 

 making the strike-alights for market, and after seeing him work, get- 

 ting samples of his wares and njaterials, being shown the limestone 

 plateau from which he obtained the flint nodules, Mr. Evans purchased 

 the entire outfit, flint, tools, and all, and they were exhibited before the 

 association. Afterwards the paper was read before the Anthroi)olog- 



MADE 



Figs. 02. 63. 



IRON FLAKING HAMMER AND A ' ' STRIKE-A-LIGHT ' 

 WITH IT. 



Albania, Greece. 



Collecli-d by .Mr. Arthur .1. Evans. Jour. Aiithrnp: Inst., XVI, j.l. 1, figs. 1-.!. 

 Natural size. 



' Report of International Congress, American Naturalist, XXV, November, 1891, 

 p. 1032. 



