ARKOWPOTNTS, SPEARHEADS, AND KNIVES. 



(fig. 1) comes from Yorkshire Wolds, and is taken from Sir John 

 Evaus's Ancient Stone Implements, ' where it says: 



Tools of this kind are well adapted for scrapinj; into regiihir shape the stems of 

 arrows or the shafts of spears, or for fashioning bono pins. 



The round-ended scraper, supposed to have served for s(;raping- 

 skins, had a common form in Europe (Plate 12) and America. They 

 may have been used for scrapino- arroAV shafts in either or both coun- 

 tries, but of this we have no evidence save their plenteousness and the 

 possibility of such use. Eskimos continueil the use of the round- 

 ended scraper, inserted in either wooden or ivory handles, until mod- 

 ern if not until present times. 

 They have been figured and 

 described by Sir John Lub- 

 bock,- Sir John Evans, ^ and 

 Dr. O. T. Mason. * 



But the scrapers with aeon- 

 cave edge, for scraping ar- 

 rows, are rarely found in pre- 

 historic collections, nor are 

 they reported among the In- 

 dians of Xorth America. The 

 U. S. National Museum pos- 

 sesses some, but not many. 

 They seem not to have been 

 recognized or cared for and 

 were not gathered by collec- 

 tors. Eigs. 1-8 in Plate 2G 

 are seven specimens inserted 

 Ohio and Mississippi valleys.'' 



Dr. Charles Eau, in an unpublished manuscript, divided some arrow- 

 making implements into arrow-shaft grinders and straighteners, though 

 he admits that both might have been used for smoothing the shafts. 



Fig. 77 represents an arrow-shaft grinder, with a straight groove of 

 suitable size, of compact chlorite slate from Cape Cod, INIassachusetts 

 (Cat. No. 178G8, U.S.N.M.). As the stone is not at all gritty, the proc- 

 ess must have been performed with the assistance of sand and water. 



Plate 27 contains specimens of what are supposed to have been arrow- 

 shaft grinders. They are coarse sandstone, exceedingly gritty, and 

 would serve the purpose well. The top is rounding or oval, the sides 

 parallel, while the bottom is flat, with a groove in il, as shown in the 

 specimen. The size is indicated by the scale. They are from ('herokee, 

 Iowa. Similar ones have been found in other localities. 



Somewhat allied to the arrow-shaft grinders are the arrow-shaft 

 straighteners — more or less carefully prepared stones, generally of 



» Page 287, fig. 226. 



- Prehistoric Times, 4th ed., p. 513, figs. 214-216. 



^ Ancient Stone Implements, p. 2f!8, fig. 203. 



■■ Report U. S. National Museum, 18S0, pp. r)r>3-r)S9, pis. i,xi-xciii. 



■' Robert Munro, Prehistoric Problems, 1897, p. 329, figs. 117, 118. 



Fig. 77. 



AHROW-SHAFT ORINDEK, Cni.ORlTE SLATE. 



Cape Cod, Massachusetts. 



Cat. No. nsGS. U.S.N.M. h natural siz.-. 



as examples of thirty or forty from the 



