ARROWPOINTS, SPEARHEADS, AND KNIVES. ."^SO 



indented at the base, stemmed, barbed, beveled, diamond-shaped, awl- 

 shaped, and those having the sha])e of a serpent's head. Dr. Abbott' 

 does not make any formal classification, but uses as descriptive terms: 

 barbed, triangular, ]eaf-shai)ed, l()zongeshai)ed, notched base, serrated, 

 stemmed, barbed triangular, trii)le notched-based, unsymmetrical. Dr. 

 Eau originally made a classification of 22 subdivisions, but in the paper 

 prepared just before his death, he made another, as follows: 



Convex or straight-sided (r.irely concave-sided) with convex, straight, or concave 

 base. 



Notched at tlie sides near the base, whicli is convex, straight, or concave, rarely 

 pointed. 



Stennnod ; expanding stem with convex, straight, or concave base. 



Stemmed; parallel-sided stem with convex, straight, or concave base. 



Stemmed ; contracting straight-sided stem with convex, straight, or concave base. 



Stemmed; contracting bioad stem with rounded or pointed termination. 



Stemmed; tapering stem. 



Barbed and stemmed. 



Leaf-shaped implements; rounded at one end, pointed at the other; pointed at 

 both ends; rounde<l at both ends. 



The making in my department during the year 1801-92, of the 100 

 series of 100 casts each of typical implements of the United States, for 

 educational purposes, afforded the opportunity, if it did not create the 

 necessity, for a comi^rehensive classification. To send out a series of 

 arrowpoints or spearheads without classification or name would be a 

 waste of time and labor; while, if made of plaster, they would be so 

 fragile as to be a waste of money as well. Therefore I prepared series 

 of these implements, classified them by type, arranged them by size, 

 and had them i^hotographed and engraved, each class by itself so they 

 might be understood almost as well as from an inspection of the 

 originals. It was found necessary to employ many specimens to make 

 a proper display. Many of these objects in the same division are 

 similar in form, appearance, and material, the main ditl'erence being in 

 their size. But this ditference of size may change the character, use, 

 and name of the weapon, and it may, according to size, become an 

 agricultural implement used for digging in the earth . a spear, dagger, 

 poniard, scalping or fish knife, or an arrowpoint or lancet. All these 

 sizes of implements with uses and names are known to students 

 of prehistoric archteology and collectors of anti(iuities. This differ- 

 ence in size is a reason for giving many cuts of the same form of imple- 

 ments but of different sizes. A large imj)lemeut, if reduced in size, 

 represents to the eye of the beholder a small one. He has seen both 

 the large and the small one, is acquainted with both, and when he sees 

 a cut of given size which is a correct representation of a. small iniple 

 ment, he will involuntarily associate it with the real imi)lement of small 

 size. The author has seen an engraving of one of these large digging 

 implements, the original of which was 16^ inches long and 5 inches 



Primitive Industry. 



