ARROWPOINTS, SPEARHEADS, AND KNIVES. 965 



INDIANA. 



Crawford ('oitnli/. — ^Ir. H. C. Hovey gives an accouut of a Hint mine and workshop 

 in Wyandotte Cave.' He says that tliero arc what had been called ''bear wallows" 

 not far from the Tillard Palace. " These are circnlar depressions, twenty or more in 

 number, each a yard wide and a foot deep, and their appearance agrees well with 

 their name. About two years ago, however, I had the satisfaction of proving them 

 to be the remains of ancient dint works. Happening to remove the clay crust from 

 a bear wallow, I found a pile of ashes and cinders on one side. and a ([uantity of dint 

 chijis on the other. On examination this proved true of each wallow. Further 

 removal of the crust brought to light hundreds of flinty prisms with parallel faces 

 and averaging 4 inches in length by 1^ in width and half an inch in thickness. 



"The mine is near by, abounding in flint nodules lying in rows in the cave walls, 

 and occasionally in bands or belts. Each nodule has a coating of some grayish 

 mineral, perhaps discolored flint, and between them is usually a soft, chalky sub- 

 stance, easily cut by a knife. Freshly fractured, a bright black surface appears, in 

 contrast with the dingy, faded blocks by the wallows. This change of hue is due 

 to the gradual removal of the traces of iron found with the silex. Many of the 

 blocks were rejected on account of flaws or imperfections. The nodules are easily 

 split into this form, Avhich is convenient fur transportation. Arrow making, how- 

 ever, was carried on here to a consideralde extent, as appears from the chips. 

 Pounders like those in the alaljaster quarries were foiind along with the flints, show- 

 ing the means of breaking the nodules. 



"The only manufactured article dug up in this spot was a little stone saucer con- 

 taining a soft, black substance. This may have been a rude lamp. 



"Search at the mouth of the cave unearthed quantities of flint chips, and also 

 linished arrowheads. The (luestion has been raised why the Indians should delve 

 for flint balls amid subterranean darkness when quantities of such spheres are found 

 along the beds of streams and elsewhere in the open air. The reason is that the 

 latter, having been exposed to the elements, have deteriorated in quality; they also 

 break with irregular cleavage. Hence the Indians sought to get flints fresh from 

 the strata where they were originally deposited, and which, because of their mois- 

 ture, readily part into triangular prisms under the hammer. 



"Since finding the existence of this flint mine in Wyandotte Cave, I have learned 

 of the flint pits dug along Indian Creek and elsewhere in Harrison County, Indiana." 



Franklin Conntij. — Workshops ha\e been discovered on sections 3. 4, and 20, town- 

 ship 9 north, range 2 west; section 10, township 12 norih, range 13 east.- 



Union County. — Workshops on sections 12 and 17, township 10 north, range 2 west; 

 sections 4 and 9, township 11 north, ringe 2 west; sections 21 and 29, township 12 

 north, range 2 west; and .sections 27 and 36, township 13 north, range 13 east.^ 



Faijeiie Co*/«/»/.— Workshop N. W. i " S. W. i section 36, and S. W. i of S. E. i 

 section 27 township 13 north, range 13 east.^ 



ILLINOIS. 



Union County. — "Three miles west of Cobden, near Kaolin Station, on the St. 

 Louis and Cairo Railroad, is the most extensive workshop I have found. It covers 

 several acres of ground, and carloads of flint chips and bowlders are strewn every- 

 where. Four miles south of Cobden is another of smaller dimensions. Others of 

 greater or less size are met Avith in various parts of the county, but no relics of 

 much value are found with them." * 



' Proceedings, American Association for the Advancement of Science, XXIX. l^-^O, 

 p. 730. Boston. 



-■ (jieorge W. Homsher, Suuthsonian Report, 1882, pj). 730-749. 



3 Idem., pp. 728-749. 



Udem., pp. 737-749. 



■'•F. M. Farrell, Smithsonian Report. 1881, pp. 584-586. 



