968 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



tigated. The work was various, sniKilicial, and of jjjroal extent. Quarries, shal- 

 low, 2 and .3 feot deep, others 1.5 to 20 feet deep; tnnnids and shafts not very deeii. 

 Spearpoints, serapers, axes, and anvils were found ; qiiarry tools, hammers, and maiiis 

 were made of bowlders of granite and quartzite, "brought from the neighboring 

 mountains, some 20 miles away." The quarry ground was strewn Avith chijis and 

 fragments of (juartzite, but not in heaps as where implements have been made. 

 "The striking points arc the vast amount of work done, the absence of chip heaps, 

 the rude nature of the implements, and their great size. The tonnage of rock moved 

 is estimated by hundreds of thousands, if not by millions of tons. *■ * * Imple- 

 ments made from (juartzite resembling that quarried are common on the plains and 

 in the mountains, * * * 'phe quarrymen must have been aborigines, but unlike 

 the Indians of modern times they must have been laborers and to liave worked 

 centuries in order to have accomplished so much with the crude tools used. Who 

 they Avere will never be known. * * * Central -eastern Wyoming is noted for 

 prehistoric quarries, but as a rule they are small and shallow and in no way com- 

 parable to the recent discovery. Usually the Indians worked for jasper and agate, 

 and dug irregular openings that do not represent the present systematic development. 

 Quartzite cjuarries are extremely rare and thesp are by far the largest reported in 

 "\^'yoming."' 



Haw Hide ]!an()e. — Dr. A. J. Woodcock reports his A'isit, in company with and under 

 the guidance of Mr. W. F. Hamilton, of Douglass, Wyoming, to certain Hint (?) 

 mines and aboriginal workshops on the Raw Hide Range, southwest from the Black 

 Hills and near Muddy Creek, a bi'auch of the Platte River. About 4 acres had been 

 dug over, and rude pits made from 6 to 12 feet dee]), in excavating the desired flinty 

 rock, which lay at that distance below the surface. The stone gave a metallic ring 

 when struck, and broke with a conchoidal fracture. It had "a wealth of color, the 

 basic tints of which were pink, purple, gray, and white, with their intermediate 

 shades, * * * in the shape of chipped tools and weapons * * * so scattered 

 for hundreds of miles throughout the west, * * * through the Powder River 

 country, the Black Hills, the Bad Lauds of South Dakota, the Big Horn Mountains, 

 and the great basin of the same name." Mr. Hamilton said he had never seen this 

 material in the ledge elsewhere than in this locality. 



The dirt'erent forms ranged from the quarry spall to "a barbed harpoon head of 

 chipped and polished stone." They picked up a stone hammer weighing 5 J pounds. 

 The disks were plenteous, some of them 20 inches in circumference and 2 inches in 

 thickness, chipped to a cutting edge. "A thousand trainloads of chips and s])alls 

 were beneath our feet on this one butte alone, and Mr. Hamilton said that several 

 others had been worked.'' 



COLORADO. 



Jefferson and Clear Creek counties. — " In a small grove of cottonwood trees near Apex, 

 Colorado, the Indians appear to have made, in former times, great quantities of 

 tools and arrowheads, for the ground all around is strewn with tools, chippings, and 

 arrowpoints, some of the latter made of beautiful stone and of the most exquisite 

 workmanshij). Within the space of an acre or two we have found about a hundred 

 arrowpoints and ten axes and hammers. The Indians seem to have carried on quite 

 a trade among themselves, in order to procure the materials for arrowpoiut-making, 

 as some of the chippings found in their encampments are from stones which cannot 

 be found within several miles of this place, and some, I think, have been brought 

 from distant localities. Although the Indians used several kinds of stone in the 

 manufacture of arrowpoints, yet they seem to have had a preference for (|uartzite, 

 chalcedony, and jasperized wood, probably on account of their superior hardness, 

 and may havenuide others from handsomer but less durable stones only for purposes 

 of barter, as the Indians of California exchanged arrowheads made of bottle glass. 



1 Wilbur C. Knight, Science, new ser., VII, March 4, 1898. 



