CERAMIC ART IN CHINA. 409 



349. Pencil liolder of iinglazcd pure white Taokuang biwcuit, of broad cylindiical 

 tihaite. Decorated with a landscape of good design moidded in high reUef, 

 representing an old man riding a mule, followed by an attendant, over a 

 two-arched stone bridge across a mountain torrent towards a monastery built 

 among a grove of ti'ees on a valley slope. Behind are towering hills, with 

 roofs of other monasteries and a pagoda appearing here and there among the 

 peaks. Mark as on No. 346 in relief. Fine specimen. Height, 5| inches; 

 diameter, 4^ inches. 

 35(^352. Wine rnpx (3) of white Taokuang porcelain. Inside, at bottom, is a pink 

 lotus flower l)earing in center a IJuddhistic ornament in gold. On outside 

 around the brim is a border of the Eight Buddhistic Emblems (see No. 54) 

 in vermilion, each two being separateil by a >ihon or "longevity" chai-acter 

 in seal form in pale green. Below are the seven paraphernalia of a Chakra- 

 vartli or universal sovereign (Sanskrit Sapta Batna). Between each pair is, 

 below, a small castle on rocks; above, grotesque animals' heads M-ith depend- 

 ent bead-fringe — all painted in colors and gold. ]Mark in Mongolian charac- 

 ters Bararjon Tumet. Height, If inches; diametei*, 2f inches. 



Mark. A daughter of the Emperor Taokuang married the Prince of 

 Western Tumet, a principality of Southern ^Mongolia, and these eui)s 

 are probably part of a service made for her as a wedding present at 

 the Imperial potteries. 

 The Sapta Ratna consist of (1) the golden wheel or disc, (2) lovely 

 female consorts, (3) horses, (4) elephants, (5) divine guardians of 

 the treasury, (6) ministers in command of armies, and (7) the won- 

 der-working pearl. 

 3.i3, 356, 366. Rice-bouis (3) of pure white Taokuang porcelain with slightly everted 

 brim. Inside at bottom, within a double ring, are sprays of chrysanthemum, 

 peony, plum blossom, and pine, and around the sides four large sprays of the 

 same plants, the pine, however, giving place to the lotus. Outside, on a 

 ground covered with a foliate design closely engraved in the paste under a 

 lemon-yellow glaze, are four pure white medallions, gold-edged, containing 

 groups of peony. Magnolia yulan, plum, chrysanthemum, and lotus, beauti- 

 fully painted. Between the medallions are longevity fungus and conven- 

 tional lotus with scroll-like foliage. i\Iark as on No. 346. Height, 2f , 2^, 

 and 2f inches; diameter, 5|, 5|, and 5| inches. 

 354, 355. Rice-bowls (a pair) of pure white Taokuang porcelain with slightly everted 

 brim. Inside is a star-like decoration at bottom with eight foliated points 

 in vermilion, shaded with deeper tones of the same color and outlined with 

 gold, between the })oints being conventional flowers of deep blue, shaded 

 with darker blue. The outside decoration is same as on last except that 

 the four medallions, instead of containing flcnvers, are ornamented with land- 

 scapes of lake and mountain scenery, representing the four seasons. Mark 

 as on No. 346. Height, 2k inches; diameter, 51 inches. 



357. Rice-bowl of pure white Taokuang porcelain. On a ground closely covered with 



a foliate pattern engraved in the paste under a lemon-yellow glaze are vases 

 decorated with blue containing sprays of peony, a plate of i:)omegranates, 

 etc., in enamel colors. Between the flowers are three gold-edged medallions 

 containing, one a water buffalo, another a ram, and a third a ewe in grassy 

 meadows with flowering trees. ^lark as on No. 346. Height, 2J inches; 

 diameter, 5| inches. 



358, 359. Rlce-boicls (a pair) of i)ure white Taokuang porcelain with slightly everted 



brim. Inside at bottom, within a double circle, is the philosopher Lao T'ze 

 (see No. 54) , riding on a water buffalo meeting the Queen of the Fairies, Hsi 

 Wang-mu (see No. 28), at who.se feet are a number of birds, with clouds and 

 birds around, all in l)lu('. shaded with deeper tones of the same color. Out- 

 NAT MUS 15M)(> 29 



