534 KEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1900. 



rocks near dikes of igneous rocks: also in rolled pebbles in alluvial 

 deposits. 



In the United States magnificent colored tourmalines have been 

 found in Maine at Au)>urn, Hebron, Norwa\', Andover, Rumford, 

 Standish, and Paris. The more famous locality is at Mount Mica, 

 near Paris. It Avas discovered in 1820 and is still 3ieldino- fine speci- 

 mens of red, green, and parti-colored tourmalines; some crystals are 

 over an inch in diameter, transparent rub}' red within, surrounded by 

 green, or red at one extremity and green at the other. One l)hu 

 cr3'stal found was nine inches long. The locality affords ail of thl 

 colored varieties, achroite, aphrizite, indicolite, and rubellite. Red 

 and green tourmalines are found at Chesterfield, Massachusetts, in a 

 granite vein with al])ite, uraninite, and pyrochlore; the crystals small 

 and curved, nearly opaque, and fragile; the green crystals, often with 

 distinct prisms of red color inside, are found at this locality. At 

 Goshen, Massachusetts, similar varieties occur, and the blue is met 

 with in great perfection. At Haddam, Connecticut, in cr3^stals in 

 mica-slate with anthophyllite, also in granite with iolite, and also at 

 the gneiss quarries, on the east side of the river. At Haddam Neck, 

 in fine green, and parti-colored crystals aflording magnificent gems. 

 Near Gouverneur, New York, light and dark brown crystals, often 

 highly modified. Good cr3^stals are found in Pennsylvania at Newlin, 

 Chester County, at London Grove, and Unionville. Fine stellate and 

 divergent rubellites in lepidolite are found in San Bernardino County, 

 California. In Canada magnificent greenish-yellow crj^stals occur in 

 the limestone at Great Calumet Island; amber-colored ones at Fitzroy, 

 Ontario; transparent brown at Hunterstown, Quebec; black at Bat- 

 hurst and Elmsley, Ontario, and St. Jerome, Quebec. Small brilliant 

 crystals found in decomposed feldspar, at Andreasberg in the Hartz, 

 are of the Aphrizite variety, Rubellite and green tourmaline occur 

 near Ekaterinburg in Siberia. The island of Elba yields pink, red, 

 white, green, black, and parti-colored cr3^stals. Brazil aflords a large 

 proportion of the specimens used for gems, and has been one of the 

 great sources of supply for more than two hundred years. Ceylon, 

 India, and Burma produce good gem material, the latter locality 

 affording some magnificent rubellites, rivaling the rubj" in color. 



TURQUOISE. 



CAI.LAINITE — TfRKIS. 



Turquoise occurs massive, reniform stalactitic or encrusting; in thin 

 seams and disseminated grains; and in rolled masses. The hardness 

 of the mineral is C. Specific gravity about 3.75. Cleavage, none. 

 Fracture, small conchoidal; rather l)rittle. Luster, somewhat wax3\ 

 Color, sky-blue, bluish green, apple-green, and greenish gra}'; the 



