0ATALOC4UE OF GEMS. 



557 



Issachar; agate. Naphthali; onyx. Joseph: sard, Reuben; emerald, 

 Judali; topaz. Dan; beryl, Asher. 



The second list is that given in the description of the ornaments of 

 the Prince of Tyrus [Ezekiel xxviii, 13]: 



1. Ode in. 

 4. Tai:''hish. 

 7. Snppir. 



2. Pifdah. 

 5. Sholtam. 

 8. Nofek. 



3. Yahalom. 

 6. YaKhpeh. 

 >). Bareketh. 



The third list is that given in the description of the Heavenly City. 

 [Revelations xxi, 19, 20. J As in the preceding list, the word used in 

 the original or Septuagint is followed by the rendering given by most 

 authorities, that of the Revised Version in parentheses: 



In addition to the gems enumerated in these lists, there is mentioned 

 the diamond bv the Hebrew name of shamlr [Jeremiah xvii, 1; 

 Ezekiel iii, d; Zechariah vii, 12]; amber, Hebrew hashmal (margin 

 of Revised Version gives electrum) [Ezekiel i, 4.], and crystal (quartz) 

 Hebrew qerah and gahkh [Ezekiel i, 22; Job xxviii, 18; Revelation 

 iv, 6]. 



The complete list of gems mentioned being as follows: 



Agate (Hebrew sheho). — One of the stones in the breastplate of judgment, Exo- 

 dus xxviii, 19. 



Amber (Hebrew hashmal). — Ezekiel i, 4. Some render the Hebrew leshem as 

 amber, thus making it one of the gems in the breastplate. Exodus xxvii, 19. 



Amethyst (Hebrew ahlnmah) . —One of the stones in the breastplate. Exodus xxviii, 

 19. In Revelation xxi, 20, it is mentioned as garnishing the twelfth foundation 

 of the heavenlv Jerusalem. 



Berifl (Hebrew sholtam). — One of the stones in the l:)reastplate, P^xochis xxviii, 20. 

 Mentioned as one of the ornaments of the King of Tyre, Ezekiel xxviii, 13. In 

 Revelation it is spoken of as adorning the eighth foundation of the Holy City. 



Carbuncle (Hebrew nofek). — One of the stones in the l)reastplate. Exodus xxviii, 

 18; see also Ezekiel xxviii, 13. The word nofek has been rendered ruby. 



('arnelian, perhaps the Hebrew odem of the lireastplate, Exodus xxviii, 17, and 

 the sardius in Revelation xxi, 20. In Revelation iv, 3, of the revised version is 

 the rendering sardius. In the Authorized Version the reading is: "And he that sat 

 was to look upon like a jasper and a ."sardine stone." In the Vulgate: " Et qui rede- 

 hat similis erat aspectui lapidis jaspiilis et sardinis." The Textus receptus (Greek) is: 

 " A'cvi 6 KcxBifz-i^yoi i}v ofiotoc, opcidft A/Sgj ia6ni8i Kal dapSivco." All other edi- 

 tions have for the last word, "dcxpSioj.'" It isevidentthat the Vulgate and the Author- 

 ized Verson simply followed the Textus receptus, and that the correct rendering is 

 "sardius" and not "sardine stone." 



