240 RECORD OF SCIENCE FOR 1886, 



Cope, E. U. — Contiuued. 



tweeu the vcrtrebral centra on their iufeiior side. Appareutly homologous 

 elerueust occur in the dorsal and cervical regions ofSpheuodon, and in the 

 cervical regions of various other lizanls. Similar i»ieccs are found m the 

 dorsal and caudal regions of various niaiumalia, for instance, Erinnceus. 

 But in general they are Avantiug from the Manimalia, and are better de- 

 veloped in the I'olycosauria than in any other order of reptiles. 



Cousiders it probable that we have in the Emboloineii that order of Batraehia 

 from which the Reptiiia were derived, through intermediate forms uot yet 

 discovered. And that the Sphvno.murida- can not be referred to this order 

 as proposed by him, but constitute a family of Jihacliitoml. 



Thinks that the development of the dorsal part of the vertebral column in Cricotus 

 is in an opposite direction to that stated by Fritscli to characterize the 

 Sphenosauridce. This is the main point to be proven. If further he has 

 shown that the larger dorsal bodies of Cricotus are homologous with the 

 centra of the Pohjcosatiria and LacerilUa, the proposition remains proven 

 that the inferior vertebral bodies of the IllmcMtomi and the entire vertebral 

 bodies of existing Batraehia are intercentra and uot centra. 



Cope, E. D. The Origin of the Fittest: Essays on Evolution. 

 (Pp. i-xix and 1-467, pis. i-xviii, figs. 1-Sl, 1887. isew York.) 



Although dated 18S7 this book appeared iu the latter part of IdSt). It contains 

 the reflections which have suggested themselves to the author while en- 

 gaged in special zoological aud paleontological studies. The latter essays 

 have resulted chiefly from the author's researches in the field of vertebrate 

 paleontology, which have thrown the greatest possible light on the fact and 

 method of evolution. The work is divided as follows : 

 Parti. General Evolution, i. Evolution and its Consequences. Ii. The Origin 

 of Genera, iii. The Theory of Evolution, iv. The Hypothesis of Evolu- 

 tion, Physical aud Metaphysical. V. The Method of Creation of Organic 

 Forms, vi. Review of the Modern Doctrine of Evolution. 

 Part II. Structural Evidence of Evolution, vii. The Homologies aud Origin of 

 tlie Types of Molar Teeth of the Mammalia Educabilia. viii. The Relation 

 of Man to the Tertiary Mammalia, ix. The Developmental Significance 

 of Human Physiognomy, x. The Evidence for Evolution in the History of 

 the Extinct Mammalia, xi. The Evolution of the Vertebrata, Progressive 

 and Retrogressive. 

 Part III. Mechanical Evolution, xii. The Relation of Animal Motion to 

 Animal Evolution, xiii. On the Trituberculate Tooth iu the Mammalia. 

 XIV. The Origin of the Specialized Teeth of the Carnivora. xv. The 

 Origin of the Foot Structures of the Ungulates, xvi. The Efiect of Im- 

 pacts aud Strains on the Feet of Mammalia. 

 Part IV. Metaphysical Evolution, xvii. The Evolutionary Siguiticance of 

 Human Character, xviii. Consciousness iu Evolution, xix. Areh;ethe. 

 tism. XX. Catagenesis, xxi. The Origin of Will. 



Cope, E. D. Systematic catalogue of species of vertebrata found in 

 the beds of tlie Permian epoch in Xortb America, \\itli notes aud de- 

 scriptions. Eead b^^fore tlie American Pbilo.sophical Society, May 7, 

 188G. (Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. xvr, pp. 285-21)7, pis. 11-111. Phil- 

 adelphia, 1S8G.) 



Describes the new species Ectocynodoii inciaiorus. 



Cope, E. D. On the Structure of the Brain and auditory Apparatus 

 of a theromorphous Keptile of the Permian Epoch. Read before the 



