294 RECORD OF SCIENCE FOR 188G. 



the eruption took place through the waters of the sea, the amount of 

 solid matters which reached the upper atmosphere was inconsiderable. 

 And as this eruption was followed by observations of the blue sun and 

 red after glows at Palermo, he infers that the dust from Krakatoa could 

 not have been a prominent factor in the production of the red sun-glows 

 which attracted so much attention in 1883. (Com])t. Eend., cii, iOGO.) 



" Naturen'' also called attention to the relation between red sun-glows 

 noted in Scandinavia in 1636 and 1783 and eruptions of Skapta Jokul 

 in Iceland. (Nature, xxxiii, 137.) 



In the president's address at the meeting in Novembei, 1885, the 

 Krakatao Committee of the Uoyal Society was reported to have their 

 work in a good state of forwardness, the detailed work having been di- 

 vided between five subcommittees. 



The president's address in November, 1886, states that by working in 

 connection with a similar committee from the Royal Meteorological So- 

 -ciety the work is now nearly com})leted. Consideration of the sea dis- 

 turbances, begun and carried on hy Sir F. Evans, but interrui)ted by 

 his death, has been completed by his successor in the office of hydrog- 

 rapher, Captain Wharton. The report on air disturbance by General 

 Strachey and on geology by Professor Judd, as also that on sunsets nud 

 atmospheric phenomena, by Don. Kollo Russell and Professor Archi- 

 bald, are nearly ready in manuscript, and the completed publication may 

 no doubt be expected at an early day. (Nature, xxxv, 114.) 



The French translation of Verbeek's work on Krakatoa was completed 

 in 1886, forming an octavo volume of 567 pages, printed at Batavia, ac- 

 <5ompanied by forty-three maps and plates, and an album of twenty-five 

 plates, published by the National Institute of Geography in Bruxelles. 

 It is characterized by Daubree as " Un document classique dans les 

 archives des volcans." (Compt. Rend., cii, 1139.) 



Edmond Cotteau has described Krakatoa and the Straits of Sunda 

 as seen in the expedition of Breon and Corthals, in 1884, the article be- 

 ing illustrated with numerous views taken from the album accompany- 

 ing Verbeck'.-^ volume. (Le Tour du ]Monde, lt, 113.) 



In Sei)tember, 1885, J. M. Alexander, with J. S. Emerson, visited the 

 crater of Mokuaweoweo, on Manna Loa. He notes the curious fact that 

 this volcano has had frequent erui)tions from craters situated on the rim 

 of the great central pit, so that lava streams have poured down inside 

 the crater as well as outside. Having determined the position of 

 over fifty small craters, he finds them apparently situated on a series of 

 parallel fissures running in a direction S. 40° to 60° E., although a few 

 are in lines running N. 50° E. He states that the " major axis of the 

 great craters is generally at right angles" to the main trend of the group. 

 This is certainly true of Kilauea and Mokuaweoweo, of which he says 

 also that^n both the highest walls are on the Avestern side and the action 

 is working toward the southwest, the most active craters being in each 

 case in the southwest end of the caldera. (Nature, xxxiv, 232.) 



