318 RECORD OF SCIENCE FOR 1886. 



the white men who i)asseil thronyh his realm. This latter tyrant how- 

 ever has either intercepted all the messages or killed the messengers 

 sent to Emin Bej'. He ordered the massacre of the caravan of the 

 unfortunate English Bishop Harrington, to the eastof Victoria Nyanza, 

 near Kavirando, and seems determined that no one shall ai>[)roach his 

 state or pass through it. Dr. Fischer was prevented from going around 

 Victoria Nyanza to aid the party of Emin Bey and they were not al- 

 lowed to escape from the Soudan. The Khedive and the English au- 

 thorities have ignored these indications of blind hatred, or they would 

 not have turned this governor over to himself and left him to become 

 the Victim of their i)olitical mistakes. Fortunately Emin Bey did not 

 lose his head in this serious state of things, but immediately joined 

 forces with Dr. Junker, who has^ been exploring this region since 1879, 

 and Captain Casati, who has been travelling along the Uelle, — the two 

 other Europeans who were in the country. Their position at Lado was 

 at first untenable and they retreated to the south with a handful of 

 devoted men ; since then reports have been received stating that Emin 

 Bey made an aggressive move and had regained Lado. Dr. Junker then 

 forced his way to the coast with messages from Emin Bey, in spite of the 

 obstacles placed in his way by Mwauga, although at first he seemed to 

 have been made a captive in Ounyoro. This distingushed explorer 

 must have made many valuable observations duriug his long stay which 

 will be very useful in completing our maps of this district. Expeditions 

 are being fitted out for the relief of Emin Bey and Casati. The whole 

 district about Lakes Bangweolo and jNIoero has been most thoroughly 

 exhausted by the expeditions of Boehme, Eeichard, and Giraud. 



A new and easy route to the head of Lake ISTyassa has been found 

 by Pfeii, who has been traveling along the Ulanga, which is a large 

 tributary of the Luhji. lievoil left Zanzibar for Lake Tanganyika last 

 year and only succeeded in reaching Tabora, about two-thirds of the 

 distance to the lake. 



The only im])ortant expedition between the coast and Lake Nyassa 

 was that of Serpa Pinto and Cardoso, who were able to found the 

 station of Blautyre, on the Shire, after several attempts. 



Dr. Fischer, in spite of all his efforts to reach Dr. Junker, only suc- 

 ceeded in reaching Victoria Nyanza, and was unable to traverse 

 Uganda or go around the lake, and there is no doubt but that the trials 

 of this trip helped to bring about the premature death of this intrepid 

 traveler at the age of thirty-eight. He died suddenly on his return to 

 Berlin, November 11, 1886. There are some other prisoners in this 

 Nyanza region who do not dare to move from Uganda without per- 

 mission from the king, viz, the two missionaries, ]\Lickey and Lomdel. 

 The expedition under Livinhac is also detained at the south of the 

 lake, waiting more favorable conditions to advance to the north. 



A very rapid trip across the continent from Stanley Falls to Zanzi- 

 bar was mad© by Gleerup. He was materially aided by Tipu-tip, a 



