MINERALOGY. 459 



The water goes off only on strong ignition, wben the powdered min- 

 eral from being white becomes brownish black. 

 The empirical formula calculated is: 



l',lii2A.l3Si,o04o 



Eydronephelite. — A zeolitic mineral derived from the alteration of 

 so<laiite of Lit-^hfield, Maine; it is named and described by Clarke and 

 Diller. It is found in seams, yielding specimens 2 centimeters in thick- 

 ness. It is white, lusterless, with the fracture of sodalite. Optical ex- 

 annnation made it probable that it belonged either to the tetragonal or 

 hexagonal system. The hardness is 4.5. An analysis yielded : 



Si02 Al-A CaO K2O NaaO H^O 



38.90 33.98 0.05 1.01 13.21 13.12 == 100.27 



for which the formula HXajAlaSiaOi.+SH.O is calculated. The formula 

 requires silica 39.29, alumina 33.41, soda 13.54, water 13.7G. It is allied 

 in composition to thomsonite, but contains soda. 



Kainosite (or C^nosite). — Described by A. E. Nordenskiold as a new 

 yttrium mineral and named from the Greek (zaiv^c, unusual) in allusion 

 to its remarkable composition. The mineral is known thus far only 

 from a single fragment of a six sided prism from Igeltjeru on Eittero. 

 It is said to belong to tlie orthorhombic or monoclinic system, and 

 shows two unequal cleavages at an angle of 90°. or nearly 90°. The 

 color is yellow-brown, the hardness b.Q, the specific gravity 3.413, the 

 fracture subconchoidal. The mean of two analyses gave: 



SiOa Tr^Og , Ei^Oa CesOj CaO MgO Fi O NasO CO2 UiO 



34,63 37.67 ti-. 15.95 0.03 0.26 0.40 5.90 5.26 = 100.10 



The formula given is 2CaO. (Y2O3, Er^Os). 4Si02. CO2. 2n2-), requir- 

 ing Si02 34.G7, YriUs 37.G()(at.weight=2G0.3), CaO 1G.18, CO2 G.35. II2O 

 5.20, The natural supposition that the carbon dioxide is due to ad- 

 mixed calcite is said to be proved to be untrue by microscopic exami- 

 nation. 



Kaliophilite. — A mineral allied to nephelite described by Mierisch 

 as occurring in the masses ejected fromMt. Somma, together with au- 

 gite and melilite. It forms thick i)risms or fine thread-like colorless 

 crystals, probably belonging to the hexagonal system. An optical ex- 

 amination showed the mineral to be uniaxial with negative double re- 

 fraction. The cleavage is basal, distinct; it is very brittle. The specific 

 gravity is 2.G02. An analysis yielded : 



Si02 Ali03(Fe.,03) CaO K2O NajO 



37,44 32,43 2.18 27.20 2.26=^101,51 



This corresponds to the formula KoAl2Si208, which is analogous to that 

 of an auhydrous niuscovite, and corresponds to nephelite, auorthite, 

 andeucryptite, which contain sodium, calcium, and lithium, respectively, 



