542 RECORD OF SCIENCE FOR 1886. 



Group 2. Superstitions, beliefs, aiul practices: class «, goblindoin ; 

 class 6, witcbcraft ; class c, astrology ; class <7, superstitions connected 

 witb material tbings. 



Group 3. Traditional customs: class a, local customs; class h, fes- 

 tival customs; class c, ceremonial customs; class d, games. 



Group 4. Folk-sayings : class a, jiugle, nursery rbymes, riddles, etc. ; 

 class ^, proverbs; class c, old saws, rbymed and unrbymed; class f/, 

 nicknames, place rbymes and sayings, folk-etymology. 



Mr. J. S. Stuart Glennie divides tbe study of man's bistory into tliat 

 of folk-lore and of culture life. Tbe classification of folk-lore is iden- 

 tical witb tbe psycbological elements of folk-life corresponding (A) 

 witb tbe most general facts of buman consciousness: (1) an external 

 world, (2) otber beings, (3) an ancestral world; (B) and witb tbe most 

 general facts of buman faculty: (1) imagination, (2) affection, (3) mem- 

 ory. Corresponding witb tbese facts of consciousness and of faculty 

 tbe tbree psycbological elements of folk-life are (1) folk-beliefs, (2) folk- 

 passions, (3) folk-traditions, and tbe expressions of tbese are to be 

 found in (1 ) customs, (2) sayings, (3) poesy. Folk-customs, as expressive 

 of folk-life, may be more especially expressive of folk-belief or of folk- 

 passions or of folk-traditions, and bence folk-customs may be classified 

 as (1) festivals, (2) ceremonies, (3) usages (religious, sexual, and social). 

 Folk-sayings nia^' be classified as (1) recipes (magical, medical, and 

 tecbnical), (2) saws (proverbs, tests, riddles), (3) forecasts (omens, 

 weatber signs, and auguries). Folk-poesy may be classified as (1) 

 stories, (2) songs (mytbological, afl'ectional, and bistorical), and (3) 

 sagas. 



Elements of folk-lore and subjects of folk-lore: (1) Folk-beliefs, (2) 

 folk-passions, (3) folk-traditions. 



Tbe expressions of folk-life and records of folk-lore: (1) folk-customs, 

 (2) folk-sayings, (3) folk-poesy. 



fd) Keligions. f(l) Magical. j s(^j.jpg fd) Mythological. 



1. Festivals ....■[ (2) Sexual. 1. Eecipes..<; (2) Medical. ^ Son"s \ '"^ Afftctioual. 



1(3) Social. 1(3) Technical. ' '^ " ' '" [ (3) Ilistcaical. 



({1) Keligious. (•(!) Proverbs. 3. Sagas— j (1) Meters. 



2. Ceremoniea - - ^ (2) Sexual. 2. Saws ^ (2) Tests. T o 1 k - < (2) Melodies. 



I (3) Social. \ (3) Riddles. music. [ (3) Instruments. 



f{l) Religious. f(l) Omens. 



3. Usages ■( (2) Sexual. 3. Forecasts < (2) Auguries. 



i(3) Social. \{3) Weather signs. 



We are not prepared to accept Mr. Gleuuie's dictum tbat folk-lore is 

 our lore about tbe folk, for tbat would really be culture lore, according 

 to bis own definition. Several of tbe gentlemen bave wisely started 

 tbeir study witb tbe two inquiries, Wbo are tbe folk and wbat is lore ? 

 Seiior Alverez remarks, " Tbe word folk, German volk, Latin vulgus, 

 Italian volgo, Sanisb vulgo, signifies not tbe wbole of bumanity, but a 

 portion of tbe buman race, wbo possess a series of common signs, and 

 are really anonymous in contradistinction from tbat otber series of men 

 who possess a notable personality." He would include practically all 



