636 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS, 



iJiKl the opposite side of tlie canal was the Twaiias. There was a gam- 

 bling contest between the two tribes, and the Klikitats won the game. 

 When Dokibatt came he changed them all to land. For this reason 

 the Twauas use the red paint as a charm in dancing, gambling, and 

 tamanous; lor this reason also tUe Twanas are still beaten in such 

 contests with other tribes ; i. e., once overcome, always overcome." An- 

 other red paint was made from the gnarls of a certain kind of tree found 

 in the mountains; the wood passed through some kind of process under 

 the ground. 



The juice of berries is also sometimes used for i)aintiug faces. 



A white or yellowish paint is said to have been made by burning 

 elk horn, ])owdering it, and mixing it with oil. A clay-colored paint 

 was made from a kind of earth in the Twana land. The Klallams ob- 

 tain their red i)aint from a red clay in the Makah land; it is burned 

 and mixed with dog-fish oil. 



Byes. — Cedar bark and grass is dyed black for ornamenting baskets 

 by being buried in the black mud of the salt marsh for two days. To 

 color the same yellow they are boiled with the bark of the root of the 

 Oregon grape for a short time. To color them a deep red they are 

 soaked with alder bark. Baskets are imported from the Makahs in 

 which the grass is dyed purple, crimson, blue, and two shades of slate. 



Sand-jidpcr. — The skin of the dog-fish is used tor this, and it is very 

 serviceable. 



Eopes and strings. — The largest ropes I have seen made by these In- 

 dians are of cedar twigs twisted in much the same style as our own 

 hemp ropes, but they look coarser. These are very strong and lasting. 

 The largest are made on the buoys employed in catching seal, and are 

 three fourths of an inch in diameter. Some one-half inch in diameter 

 are used for fastening canoes, and those three-sixteenths of an inch are 

 utilized in fastening cross-pieces to canoes. Of braided cat-tail they 

 make a flat rope, not very durable, about three-eighths of an inch thick 

 by tbree-lourths of an inch broad, which is used for tying paddles into 

 bundles, and of the beaten fiber of the same material twisted they 

 make strings from an eighth to three-sixteenths of an inch thick, which 

 are used in sewing mats together. They are not very strong, but for 

 this i)urpose arc good enough. 



The ropes at the ends of the head-bands used in carrying baskets are 

 made of the bark of the alder braided. They are about three-eighths 

 of an inch thick and five eighths broad. Of the inner bark of the alder 

 split and twisted a kind of string is made which is manufactured into 

 fishing nets. Another string one-sixteenth to one-eighth inch in di- 

 ameter, also used in making nets, is made by hackling and twisting the 

 outer fiber of the nettle. This is strong and looks much like linen twine. 

 The Klallams make, without special preparation, lines out of the smaller 

 part of the help root of about one-eighth inch diameter. When dry it 

 is brittle, but when soaked a short time in water it becomes quite 



