652 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS. 



one hand and the drum stick in the other. They are only from 3 to 6 

 inches deep, bat vary in tone according to size. The Klallams use the 

 same kind of drums, and also have another, which is similar in all re- 

 spects excejit that the head is round instead of rectangular. 



Battles. — One variety of rattle is made of deer-hoofs, sometimes in 

 large bunches. These bunches are held in the hand or fastened to the 

 waist while dancing. The Klallams sometimes also use rattles made of 

 the scallop-shells which are found in their waters. A hole is made near 

 the hinge of each shell, and a number of them are strung on a stick 

 about the size of a lead-peucil, which is bent in a circular form and 

 serves for a handle. These are shaken edge downwards. If shaken 

 side downwards they are likely to be broken, in which case the person 

 holding them will, according to their belief, die soon. 



It has been found impracticable to translate American hymns into 

 Chinook or to compose hymns in this language which will rhyme. The 

 chief peculiarity which I have noticed in making hymns in this language 

 is that a large proportion of the words are of two syllables, and a large 

 majority of these have the accent on the second syllable, which renders 

 it almost impossible to compose any hymns in long, common, or short 

 meters. 



ART. 



There is no special class of artists among them as there is among the 

 tribes to the north in British Columbia, still they make considerable 

 work that is quite artistic on baskets, cloth, leather, wood, etc. 



Their work as a general thing does not equal that of more northern 

 tribes, but is fully equal to that of the tribes east and south. All the 

 figures on baskets are woven in with colored grass. 



LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. 



Six languages are in use by these Indians to a greater or less degree. 

 The Twana is spoken by those who origiually constituted the tribe. 

 The Skwaksin dialect of the Msqually language is employed by a num- 

 ber who have become incorporated into the Twana tribe and who now 

 constitute about one sixth of it. It is understood also by nearly all of 

 the original Twanas, and is used besides by a large number of the 

 tribes on the Sound as a means of intercommunication. 



The Chemakum is used partly by a few members of that tribe. The 

 Klallam is used by all the members of the Klallam tribe, and dialects 

 of the language extend into British Columbia. 



The Chinook jargon has been ably compiled by Hon. G. Gibbs. I 

 know of but three words in this locality of Indian origin which are not 

 in that di(!tionary. (1) iia^-hy, a long time, found in Swan's vocabulary; 

 (2) Sto bio, the north tcind, from the Nisqually stobla; (3) Whilom, a 

 thread or rope, which is of Klallam origin. Out of about 800 words and 

 phrases which answer for words given by him, only about 470 are used 

 here, which shows how the same language will vary in different localities. 



