656 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS. 



ried with the Ghehalis, Skwaksiii, Nisqually, PnyaUup, Snohomish, 

 Port Madison, Lummi, Chemakum, and Khillam Indians, and the Klal- 

 laius with the Twana, Snokomish, Chemakum, Makah, Kwilleut, Mtti- 

 nat, Cowichan, Sook, Victoria, and Summi Indians. It is very common 

 when an Indian begins to speak of his ancestry to find that there is the 

 blood of some other tribe in his veins, through either tl'e parents or 

 grandparents. The chiklren belong to the tribe of the father usually, 

 and the mother is adopted into the same tribe, though there are occa- 

 sional exceptions to this rule. At one time I saw a Klallara man who 

 had just married a Nittinat woman, and when they were married the 

 man could talk the Klallam and Chinook languages but not the Nitti- 

 nat, and the woman could not speak either Chinook or Klallam. The 

 Twauas, Klallams, and Chemakums are also intermarried with the 

 whites. Very few of either tribe have more than one wife each, the 

 custom of the whites and the law of the agent preventing new cases of 

 polygamy, although those who formerly had more than one wife have 

 not been compelled to give them up. 



Children and their cradles. — A few have adopted cradles on rockers, 

 similar to the poorer ones of the whites, but the old way of bedding in- 

 fants is by far the most common. For this they take a board a little 

 longer and a little wider than the child, or hollow out a thick cedar 

 board, about the same size, to the depth of an inch. In either case they 

 place on this board beaten cedar bark, on which they lay the child, 

 who is tlien covered with cloth and tied to the board by strings which 

 pass through tlie holes in it. The hollowed form is more common with 

 the Klallams, and the other with the Twanas. A cap of cedar bark, 

 usually of Makah make, is sometimes used by the Klallams as a cover 

 to protect the babies from the smoke. 



The practice of flattening the head, which was formerly common, is 

 now ceasing. It has so often been described that I can say nothing new 

 about it. Some who have had the head flattened in infancy seem to 

 make as good scholars as tliose who have not been thus treated. One 

 Indian attributes much headache to this cause. 



Naming children. — Usually they are not named at as early an age as 

 with the whites, but when one, two, or three years old. Formerly, 

 when the name was given, a feast was made and presents given to the 

 guests. An Indian may change his name once or several times during 

 his life; sometimes he does so wlien one of the same name dies, as it is 

 not good etiquette to pronounce the name of the recently dead. Two 

 or three years after death the name of the deceased may be mentioned; 

 and with the Klallams, at least, a person may take the name of his de- 

 parted father, grandfather, or other direct paternal ancestor. Often 

 when this is done, the person thus changing the name makes a feast 

 and gives presents. Nearly all the men, women, and children have 

 "Boston" names which they have received in various ways. Some of 

 these are a combination of Indian and American names and constructed 

 utterly regardless of taste. 



