15-1 



THE MODERN THEORY OF CHEMICAL TYPES. 



tlieii- rcs[)OCtive ciivoloiJCS would be driven oft' and combiue to produce the 

 electrical i»lieuomeiia always attending cliemical action* 



According to tlii.s view all cliemical compounds are hinarrj; tliey are 

 capable of being decom])o,sed by the clc-ctric current, whicb attracts tlie atoms 

 from caeli other according to their character, the positive appearing at the 

 negative pole, the negative at the positive pole. 



In writing forinulai the positive atom or atom group is placed before the 



+ .. + _ + _ 



negative one, thus : KO; SO3; KO, SO3.T 



The most comidex formulaj are constructed according to this binary method. 

 In alum = K() 80:) + AL O3 oSOs + 24IIO the sulphate of potassa atom 

 is ])osilive, and united to an electro-negative atom of sulphate of alumina to 

 form a still more complex atom of positive character, which is united to the 

 negative grou]) of atoms 24110. When, hoAvever, the atom becomes so com- 

 plicated, it is difficult to determine the electro-chemical character of its imme- 

 « — 



* For views as to polarity in cliemical compouuds, see the excellent treatise upon the cata- 

 lytic force, by T. L. Phipsou, Smithsonian Report for JdG2, page 395. 



t For the coiiveiiiejice of tliose whose memory may requiie refreshing as to chemical 

 symbols and combining quantities, or atomic weights, we subjoin the following table. 



SYMBOLS AND PROPORTIONAL NUMKERS OF THE ELEMENTS. 

 (From Odimg^s Manual of Chemistry.) 



H 



Fl 

 CI 

 IJr 

 I 



O 



S 



Se 



T 



N 



P 



As 



Sb 



Bi 



C 



Si 

 Ti 

 Sn 

 Ta 



Li 

 Na 

 K 



Ca 

 Sr 

 Ba 



G 

 Y 



Th 



Hydrogen 1 



Fluorine 19 



Qhloiiiie 35. 5 



Bromine 80 



Iodine 127 



Oxvgen IG* 



Sulphur 32* 



Selenium 80* 



Tellurium 128* 



Nitrogen 14 



Pliosjihorous 31 



Arsenic 75 



Antimony, (Stibium) 120 



Bismuth 20d 



Carbon 12* 



Silicon 28. 5* 



Titanium 48. 5* 



Tin, (Stannum) 118* 



Tantalum 13S* 



Boron 11 



Lithium 7 



Sodium, (Natrium) 23 



Potassium, (Kulium) 39 



Calcium 20 



Strontium 44 



Barium 08. 5 



Glucinum 4.7 



Yttrium 32 



Thorium 5D. 5 



M'g 

 Zn 

 Cd 



Hg 

 Pb 



Ag 



Cr 



Mn 



Fe 



Ni 

 Co 

 Cu 



Al 



Zr 



Ce 



La 



D 



U 



Mo 

 Yd 

 W 



Au 



Ro 

 Ku 

 Pa 



Pt 

 Ir 



Os 



Magnesium 12 



Zinc 32. 5 



Cadmium 5G 



Mercury, ( Ihidrargyriim) .. 100 



Lead, ( IHumbum) 103. 5 



Silver, (Argentuiit) 108 



Chromium 26 



Maganese 27 



Iron, (Ferru)ji) 28 



Nickel 29 



Cobalt 30 



Copper, (Cuprum) 31. 7 



Aluminum 13. 7 



Zirconium 33. 5 



Cerium 46 



Laulhammi 47 



Didymium 48 



Uranium GO 



Molybdenum 48 



Vanadium 68. 5 



Tugsten, (Wolfram) 92 



Gold, ( Auru)n) 197 



Rhodium 52 



Ruthenium 52 



Palladium 53 



Platinum 98.5 



Iridium 98. 5 



Osmium 99. 5 



* These elements have had their equivalentB doubled to conform to the type theory. 



