METEOROLOGY AND ALLIED SUBJECTS. 237 



the method of recording raiufall was agreed upon, and will be submitted 

 to the national weather bureaus. The committee expressed the hope 

 that telegraphic connection with the islands of the Atlantic Ocean would 

 soon become practicable on account of its great importance for the 

 weather service in Europe. 



Captain Hoflmeyer's proposal that all central meteorological institutes 

 should regularly publish the mean values of the more important climatic 

 elements was urged upon the general attention. Dr. Hellman's propo- 

 sition to compile a catalogue of works on meteorology was referred to a 

 committee, with power to act in case others would co-operate. 



The subject of international tables for the reduction of observations 

 was referred to Messrs. Mascart and Wild to prepare a plan for the com- 

 putation and arrangement of the tables. (Z. 0. G. M., Vol. XV, 1880, 

 p. 398.) 



According to the conclusion of the First Italian Meteorological Con- 

 gress at Turin, September, 1880, the earlier Alp and Appenine meteor- 

 ological correspondence and the Italian Meteorological Association unite 

 together in a new general association under the presidency of the King 

 of Italy, and the meteorological journal carried on by Eagona at Modena 

 is now merged with that of the Italian Association. {Z. 0. G. M., Vol. 

 XVI, 1881, p. 90.) 



The first two volumes of the Archives of the Deutsche Seewarte have 

 been ])ublished in the years 1880, 1881, respectively, and give for the 

 first time a connected view of the extensive field covered by the ener- 

 getic operations of that institution, which in the number of its stations 

 ranks next to the United States Signal Of&ce, in its scientific work vies 

 with the Central Physical Observatory at St. Petersburg, and in its 

 marine work surpasses the meteorological office at London. Beside the 

 complete description of the Seewarte and details as to the work carried 

 on in the separate divisions, these volumes also contain valuable memoirs 

 by Sprung, Koppen, Eumker, etc. 



Attention is paid equally to observations and predictions of the 

 weather on land, observations and generalizations relative to ocean 

 meteorology, physical, and mathematical studies, terrestrial magnet- 

 ism, the investigation of the errors of sextants, chronomet^irs, and 

 other instruments used by navigators, and bibUography of meteorology. 

 The assistants in charge of the separate divisions, namely, Messrs. 

 Koppen, Sprung, Van Bebber, and Rumker, are already well known 

 by the original works they have published. {Z. 0. G. M., XVI, 1881, 

 p^lll.) 



In Italy considerable progress has been made toward unification of 

 interests on the one hand by the concentration of government work in 

 one bureau, having its headquarters at the Observatory of the Collegio 

 Eomano, under Prof. P. Tacchini, and on the other hand by the union 

 of the independent individual organizations into one Italian Meteoro- 

 logical Association, having its secretary and business center in Turin 



