276 



METEOROLOGY AND ALLIED SUBJECTS. 



sliine as recorded by means of the Campbell sunsbine recorder at Green, 

 wicb and Ke^. Inasmuch as Kew is west while Greenwich is south- 

 east of the principal portion of London, the records show especially the 

 local influence of the smoke and dust of the city. Thus the mean daily 

 duration of sunshine for each direction of the wind is shown by the fol- 

 io win ar table : 



{Z. 0. G. 3L, XY, 18S0, p. 101.) 



Eoth, in a study upon the distribution of solar radiation and the 

 possibility of a difference in the temperature of the northern and south- 

 ern hemispheres in consequence of the position of the earth in space, 

 has from the elements of the planetary systems deduced the absolute 

 values of the quantities of heat received by the whole planetary sphere 

 or by a given portion of surface, while the planet moves about the sun 

 according to Kepler's laws. The angle of incidence from the sun 

 remaining invariable while the radius of the orbit describes a certain 

 angle. Let W be the quantity of heat ; S the quantity of heat which 

 the same surface would receive in the same time from the sun at the 

 the unit's distance; A the attractive force of the sun at the unit's dis- 

 tance ; p the perimeter of the orbit ; cpo and ^i, the first and last value of 

 the true anomaly ; then we have 



■^ A p 



{Z. 0. G. M., Vol. Xy, 1880, p. 322.) 

 Supan has sought to introduce a new distribution of the earth's surface 

 according to the relative temperatures. In order to define these tem- 

 peratures with all definiteness, he seeks a new construction of the 

 isotherms based on the temperature determinations at present available. 

 His new annual isotherms are a valuable contribution. {Z. 0. G. M., 

 Vol. XV, 1880, p. 324.) 



Prof. O. Martins, of Montpellier, who was appointed director of the 

 botanical gardens of that place in 1851, immediately began a new series 

 of meteorological observations in continuation of those that have been 

 made there ever since 1705. The botanical garden is about 8^^ from the 

 ocean, and about 58™ above the sea, in latitude 43° 37'. The following 

 table gives the temperature of the air as observed at an altitude of 1 J™ 



