METEOKOLOGY AND ALLIED SUBJECTS. 



279 



{Z. 0. G. M., XYI, 1881, p. 404.) 



A. Miittrich lias published and discussed the observations of earth 

 temperatures at the Prussian forest stations. The bi-hourly observa- 

 tions for fourteen days at the central station give a means of reducing 

 regular observations at 8 a. m., 1 and 2 p. m. to normal means. , The 

 following table shows the temperatures in the oi>en fields and in shady 

 forests in (C.) degrees: 



{Z. 0. G. M., XVI, 1881, p. 268.) 

 Wild has completed the great work on temperature in Russia, of 

 which the first volume in 1878. He has corrected and discussed all im- 

 portant temperature records relating to the Russian Empire, and the 

 magnificent charts showing monthly isotherms and isoabnormals for 

 Europe and Asia make a profound impression upon the reader. In the 

 construction of these charts the various series are reduced to a nearly 

 uniform series of normal years. Reductions to sea-level are also intro- 

 duced, based upon the following table, which is derived especially from 

 observations in the Caucasus : 



Eate of temperature diminution for each 100 meters of ascent. 



Month. Rate. 



December 0. 25 C. 



January 0. 36 



February 0. 43 



March 0.48 



April 0.56 



]\Iay 0. 58 



June 0.61 



Month. Rate. 



July 0.69 C. 



August -. 0.60 



September 0. 53 



October 0.46 



iSTovember 0. 21 



Year 0. 47 



{Z. 0. G. M^ XVI, p. 217.) 



