BOTANY. 399 



isms found in the different organs, ^iz : Swine Plague and Foicl Cholera^ 

 by Dr. D. E. Salmon ; on Swine Plar/ue, by Dr. James Law, and a sec- 

 ond i)aper on tlio same subject by Dr. H. J. Detmers ; on Contagious 

 Pleuropneumonia, by Dr. C. P. Lyman ; and on Texas Cattle Fever, by 

 Dr. Detmers. The existence in man of a disease similar to that pro- 

 duced in cattle by the fungus known as Actinomyces hovis Las recently 

 been made known in a paper by Ponfick, entitled Die AMinomylcose des 

 Menschcn, and by Jobne, in a paper bearing a similar title. The dis- 

 ease usually attacks at first the region of the mouth with secondary 

 internal manifestations. The fungus which occurs in man closelj" re- 

 sembles that found in cattle, but its botanical relation to other fungi 

 is very obscure, and cultures artificially made failed to throw any light 

 on the subject. 



Under the present heading should be mentioned an account, by Dr. 

 Swann M. Burnett, of a fungus Otomyces purpureus found in the human 

 ear, published in the Archives of Otology; and an account, by Ercolani, 

 of a disease of horses' hoofs, caused by a fungus Achorion Iceratophagus 

 described and figured in the Eevue Mycologique. 



DISEASES OF PLANTS. 



Very little has been published in 1881 relating directly to diseases of 

 plants, although frequent reference has been made to such diseases in 

 papers treating of fungi and bacteria. The handbook, by Frank, Bie 

 KranTilieiten der PJianzen, published in 1880-'81, a semi-popular work, 

 gives a thorough and intelligible account of the diseases of vegetable ori- 

 gin, with a shorter account of some of insect origin. H. Marshall Ward, 

 who was sent by the British Government to Ceylon to study the coffee 

 disease, Hemileia vastatrix, has succeeded in finding nearly the com- 

 plete development of that fungus, which he classes with the Uredinece 

 as he has found teleutospores which belong to that order. The agri- 

 cultural and smaller botanical journals are filled with descriptions, gen- 

 erally of a popular character, of the diseases of the vine, especially of 

 Peronospora xiticola. Investigation Avith regard to the spreading and 

 means of checking the Peronospora have b(ien conducted by Prillieux 

 in France, and Garovaglio in Italy. The former reports the spreading 

 of the disease to Algiers, where it occurs with great violence early in 

 the summer, attacking not only the leaves but the grapes themselves. 

 As far as the injury done to the French vineyards is concerned, Pril- 

 lieux does not think that the harm is very great except in unusually 

 wet jears, although he says that in the region of Bordeaux the Perono- 

 spora makes its appearance sometimes as early as the last of May or 

 first of June. He does not agree with Garovaglio as to the value of 

 the application of lime as a preventive. In a i)aper read at the Italian 

 Cryptogamic Society, Passeriui described four species of fungi which 

 attack tobacco, Phyllosiicta tabaci, Ascochyta nicotina:, Epicocciim purpu- 

 rascens, and Macrosporium commune. In a pai)er called 2[al ncro della 



